Terminology
A
access control point A corridor at the installation
entrance through which all vehicles and pedestrians must pass when entering or
exiting the installation. (ATTP 3-39.32)
acknowledge A directive from the originator of a
communication requiring the addressee(s) to advise the originator that his
communication has been received and understood. This term is normally included
in the electronic transmission of orders to ensure the receiving station or
person confirms the receipt of the order. (FM 6-02.53)
actions on contact A series of combat actions, often
conducted simultaneously, taken upon contact with the enemy to develop the
situation. (ADRP 3-90)
active air defense (DOD) Direct defense action taken
to destroy, nullify, or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air and missile
threats against friendly forces and assets. (JP 3-01) See ADRP 3-09, ADRP 3-90,
FM 3-90-1, and ATP 3-27.5.
activity (DOD) 1. A unit, organization, or
installation performing a function or mission. 2. A function, mission, action,
or collection of actions. Also called ACT. (JP 3-0) See ATP 3-55.12.
administrative contracting officer Contracting
officers whose duties are limited to contract administration. Also called ACO.
(ATTP 4-10)
administrative control (DOD) Direction or exercise of
authority over subordinate or other organizations in respect to administration
and support, including organization of Service forces, control of resources and
equipment, personnel management, unit logistics, individual and unit training,
readiness, mobilization, demobilization, discipline, and other matters not
included in the operational missions of the subordinate or other organizations.
Also called ADCON. (JP 1) See ADRP 5-0.
administrative movement A movement in which troops and
vehicles are arranged to expedite their movement and conserve time and energy
when no enemy ground interference is anticipated. (FM 3-90-2)
advance party A team that coordinates the convoys
arrival at the destination. It may move with the main body initially but must
arrive at the destination sufficiently ahead of the main body. See also convoy;
march column; quartering party. (FM 4-01.30)
adversary (DOD) A party acknowledged as potentially
hostile to a friendly party and against which the use of force may be
envisaged.
after action review A guided analysis of an
organizations performance, conducted at appropriate times during and at the
conclusion of a training event or operation with the objective of improving
future performance. It includes a facilitator, event participants, and other
observers. Also called AAR. (ADRP 7-0)
agility The ability of friendly forces to react faster
than the enemy. (ADRP 3-90)
air and missile defense (DOD) Direct [active and
passive] defensive actions taken to destroy, nullify, or reduce the
effectiveness of hostile air and ballistic missile threats against friendly
forces and assets. Also called AMD. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-27.5. (Army) The
direct defensive actions taken to protect friendly forces by destroying or
reducing the effectiveness of hostile air and ballistic missile threats against
friendly forces and assets in support of joint force commanders objectives.
(ADRP 3-09)
air assault (DOD) The movement of friendly assault
forces by rotary-wing aircraft to engage and destroy enemy forces or to seize
and hold key terrain. (JP 3-18) See FM 3-90-1.
air defense (DOD) Defensive measures designed to
destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles in the atmosphere, or to nullify
or reduce the effectiveness of such attack. Also called AD. (JP 3-01) See
FM 3-01.7.
air defense artillery The defensive measures
designated to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles in the atmosphere,
or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such attack either through
surveillance actions or active engagements of aerial threat. (ADRP 3-09)
air defense commander (DOD) The component commander
with the preponderance of air defense capability and the required command,
control, and communications capabilities who is assigned by the joint force
commander to plan and execute integrated air defense operations. Also
called AADC. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-27.5.
airborne mission coordinator (DOD) The designated
individual that serves as an airborne extension of the component commander or
supported commander responsible for the personnel recovery mission. Also
called AMC. (JP 3-50) See ATP 3-55.6.
air movements (Army) Operations involving the use of
utility and cargo rotary-wing assets for other than air assaults. (FM 3-90-2)
air interdiction (DOD) Air operations conducted to
divert, disrupt, delay, or destroy the enemys military surface capabilities
before it can be brought to bear effective against friendly forces, or to
otherwise achieve objectives that are conducted at such distances from friendly
forces that detailed integration of each Air mission with the fire and movement
of friendly forces is not required. (JP 3-03) See ATP 3-55.6.
airspace control (DOD) A process used to increase
operational effectiveness by promoting the safe, efficient, and flexible use of
airspace. (JP 3-52) See ADRP 3-90, ADRP 5-0, and FM 3-90-1.
airspace control area (DOD) Airspace that is laterally
defined by the boundaries of the operational area, and may be subdivided into
airspace control sectors. (JP 3-01) See FM 3-52.
airspace control authority (DOD) The commander
designated to assume overall responsibility for the operation of the airspace
control system in the airspace control area. Also called ACA. (JP 3-52)
See FM 3-52.
airspace control order (DOD) An order implementing the
airspace control plan that provides the details of the approved requests for
airspace coordinating measures. It is published either as part of the air
tasking order or as a separate document. Also called ACO.
airspace coordinating measures (DOD) Measures employed
to facilitate the efficient use of airspace to accomplish missions and
simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly forces. Also called ACMs. (JP
3-52) See FM 3-52.
airspace coordination area (DOD) A three dimensional
block of airspace in a target area, established by the appropriate ground
commander, in which friendly aircraft are reasonably safe from friendly surface
fires. The airspace coordination area may be formal or informal. Also called
ACA. (JP 3-09.3) See FM 3-52 and ATP 3-09.24.
air support operations center (DOD) The principal air
control agency of the theater air control system responsible for the direction
and control of air operations directly supporting the ground combat element. It
coordinates air missions requiring integration with other supporting arms and
ground forces. It normally collocates with the Army tactical headquarters
senior fire support coordination center within the ground combat element. Also
called ASOC. (JP 3-09.3) See FM 3-52.
air tasking order (DOD) A method used to task and
disseminate to components, subordinate units, and command and control
agencies projected sorties, capabilities and/or forces to targets and specific
missions. Normally provides specific instructions to include call signs,
targets, controlling agencies, etc., as well as general instructions. Also
called ATO. (JP 3-30) See ATTP 2-01 and ATP 3-06.1.
alliance (DOD) The relationship that results from a
formal agreement between two or more nations for broad, long term objectives
that further the common interests of the members. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 3-0 and FM
3-07.
allocation (DOD) Distribution of limited forces and
resources for employment among competing requirements. (JP 5-0) See
ATTP 2-01.
all source intelligence (Army) The integration of
intelligence and information from all relevant sources to analyze situations or
conditions that impact operations. (ADRP 2-0)
alternate position A defensive position that the
commander assigns to a unit or weapon for occupation when the primary position
becomes untenable or unsuitable for carrying out the assigned task. (ADRP 3-90)
alternate supply route A route or routes designated
within an area of operations to provide for the movement of traffic when main supply
routes become disabled or congested. Also called ASR. (ADRP 1-02) See also area
of operations; main supply route.
ambush An attack by fire or other destructive means
from concealed positions on a moving or temporarily halted enemy. (FM 3-90-1)
ammunition transfer holding point A designated site
operated by a brigade support battalion distribution company where ammunition
is received and transferred to supported units within a brigade combat team.
May also temporarily hold or store ammunition as required.
anticipation The ability to foresee operational
requirements and initiate actions that satisfy a response without waiting for
an operation order or fragmentary order. (ADP 4-0)
approach march The advance of a combat unit when
direct contact with the enemy is intended. (ADRP 3-90)
apportionment (DOD) In the general sense, distribution
of forces and capabilities as the starting point for planning. (JP 5-0)
See
area defense A defensive task that concentrates on
denying enemy forces access to designated terrain for a specific time rather
than destroying the enemy outright. (ADRP 3-90)
area of influence (DOD) A geographical area wherein a
commander is directly capable of influencing operations by maneuver or fire
support systems normally under the commander's command or control. (JP 3-0) See
ADRP 3-0, ADRP 3-90, and FM 3-90-1.
area of interest (DOD) That area of concern to the
commander, including the area of influence, areas adjacent thereto, and extending
into enemy territory. This area also includes areas occupied by enemy forces
who could jeopardize the accomplishment of the mission. Also called AOI. (JP
3-0) See ADP 3-0, ADRP 3-90, FM 3-90-1, and ATP 3-55.6.
area of operations (DOD) An operational area defined
by the joint force commander for land and maritime forces that should be large
enough to accomplish their missions and protect their forces. Also called AO.
(JP 3-0) See ADRP 3-0, ADRP 3-90, ATP 3-09.34,
area of responsibility (DOD) The geographical area
associated with a combatant command within which a geographic combatant
commander has authority to plan and conduct operations. Also called AOR. (JP 1)
See ATP 3-55.6.
activity A form of reconnaissance that
focuses on obtaining detailed information about the terrain or enemy activity
within a prescribed area. (ADRP 3-90)
area security A security task conducted to protect
friendly forces, installation routes, and actions within a specific area. (ADRP
3-90) See also area reconnaissance; security operations; rear area security.
area support Method of logistics, medical support, and
personnel services in which support relationships are determined by the
location of the units requiring support. Sustainment units provide support to
units located in or passing through their assigned areas. (FM 4-90) See also
direct support; logistics.
ARFOR The Army component and senior Army headquarters
of all Army forces assigned or attached to a combatant command, subordinate
joint force command, joint functional command, or multinational command. See JP
3-0. (ADRP 1-02)
Army design methodology A methodology for applying
critical and creative thinking to understand, visualize, and describe unfamiliar
problems in approaches to solving them. (ADP 5-0)
Army field support brigade An organization which
provides integrated and synchronized acquisition logistics and technology
support, less medical, to Army operational forces. Also called AFSB. (ADRP
1-02)
Army Health System A component of the Military Health
Systems that is responsible for operational management of the health service
support and force health protection missions for training, predeployment,
deployment, and postdeployment operations. (ATTP
4-02)
Army leader Anyone who by virtue of assumed role or
assigned responsibility inspires and influences people to accomplish
organizational goals. Army leaders motivate people both inside and outside the
chain of command to pursue actions, focus thinking, and shape decisions for the
greater good of the organization. (ADP 6-22)
Army special operations aviation Designated Active
Component forces and units organized, trained, and equipped specifically to
conduct air mobility, close combat attack, and other special air operations.
(ADRP 3-05)
Army special operations forces (DOD) Those Active and
Reserve Component Army forces designated by the Secretary of Defense that are
specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special
operations. Also called ARSOF. (JP 3-05) See FM 3-05.
art of command The creative and skillful exercise of
authority through timely decisionmaking and
leadership. (ADP 6-0)
art of tactics This consists of three interrelated
aspects: the creative and flexible array of means to accomplish assigned
missions, decisionmaking under conditions of
uncertainty when faced with a thinking and adaptive enemy, and understanding
the effects of combat on Soldiers. (ADRP 3-90)
assailable flank A flank which is exposed to attack or
envelopment. (ADRP 3-90) See also flank.
assault echelon (Army) The element of a force that is
scheduled for initial assault on the objective area. (ADRP 1-02)
assault position A covered and concealed position
short of the objective, from which final preparations are made to assault the
objective. (ADRP 3-90)
assault time The moment to attack the initial
objective throughout the geographical scope of the operation. (ADRP 3-90)
assembly area An area a unit occupies to prepare for
an operation. (FM 3-90-1)
assessment (DOD) 1. A continuous process that measures the overall effectiveness of employing joint force capabilities during military operations. See FM 3-07.
2. Determination of the progress toward accomplishing
a task, creating a condition, or achieving an objective.
(JP 3-0) See ADP 3-37, ADRP 3-37, ADP 5-0 and ARDRP 5-0.
3. Analysis of the security, effectiveness, and potential of an existing or planned intelligence activity.
4. Judgment of the motives, qualifications, and
characteristics of present or prospective employees or "agents." See
FM 3-07.
assign (DOD) To place units or personnel in an
organization where such placement is relatively permanent, and/or where such
organization controls and administers the units or personnel for the primary
function, or greater portion of the functions, of the unit or personnel. (JP
3-0) See ADRP 5-0.
assured mobility A frameworkof processes, actions,
and capabilitiesthat assures the ability of a force to deploy, move, and
maneuver where and when desired, without interruption or delay, to achieve the
mission. (ATTP 3-90.4)
attach (DOD) The placement of units or personnel in an
organization where such placement is relatively temporary. (JP 3-0)
attack An offensive task that destroys or defeats
enemy forces, seizes and secures terrain, or both (ADRP 3-90) See also defeat;
deliberate attack; demonstration; destroy; feint; offensive operations; raid;
secure; seize; spoiling attack.
attack by fire A tactical mission task in which a
commander uses direct fires, supported by indirect fires, to engage an enemy
force without closing with the enemy to destroy, suppress, fix, or deceive that
enemy. (FM 3-90-1) See also destroy; fix; frontal attack; support by fire;
suppress; tactical mission task.
attack by fire position The general position from
which a unit conducts the tactical task of attack by fire. (ADRP 3-90) See also
attack by fire.
attack position (Army) The last position an attacking
force occupies or passes through before crossing the line of departure. (ADRP
3-90)
attitudes The beliefs, feelings, values, and
disposition that cause an individual to respond in a particular way to a given
object, person, or situation. (FM 3-05.301)
authenticate (DOD) A challenge given by voice or
electrical means to attest to the authenticity of a person, message, or
transmission.
authority The delegated power to judge, act or
command. (ADP 6-0)
auxiliary For the purpose of unconventional warfare,
the support element of the irregular organization whose organization and
operations are clandestine in nature and whose members do not openly indicate
their sympathy or involvement with the irregular movement.
avenue of approach (Army) The air or ground route
leading to an objective (or key terrain in its path) that an attacking force
can use. (ADRP 3-90)
axis of advance (Army) The general area through which
the bulk of a units combat power must move. (ADRP 3-90) See also attack;
movement to contact; offensive operations.
B
backbrief
A briefing by subordinates to the commander to review how subordinates intend
to accomplish their mission. (ATTP 5-0.1)
ballistic missile (DOD) Any missile which does not
rely upon aerodynamic surfaces to produce lift and consequently follows a
ballistic trajectory when thrust is terminated. (JP 3-01) ATP 3-27.5.
base (DOD) A locality from which operations are
projected or supported. (JP 4-0) See ADRP 3-0
base camp An evolving military facility that supports
that military operations of a deployed unit and provides the necessary support
and services for sustained operations. (ATP 3-37.10)
base defense (DOD) The local military measures,
both normal and emergency, required to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of
enemy attacks on, or sabotage of, a base to censure that the maximum capacity
of its facilities is available to US Forces. (JP 3-10) See
basic load (ammunition) (Army) The quantity of
nonnuclear ammunition that is authorized and required by each Service to be on
hand for a unit to meet combat needs until resupply can be accomplished. It is
expressed in rounds, units or unity of weight, as appropriate.
battalion A unit consisting of two or more company ,
battery , or troop size units and a headquarters. (ADRP 3-90) See also battery;
company.
battalion task force A maneuver battalion size unit
consisting of a battalion headquarters, at least one assigned company size
element, and at least one attached company size element from another maneuver
or support unit (functional and multifunctional). (ADRP 3-90)
battery A company size unit in a fires or air defense
artillery battalion. (ADRP 3-90)
battle A set of related engagements that lasts longer
and involves larger forces than an engagement. (ADRP 3-90) See also campaign;
engagement; major operation.
battle damage assessment (DOD) The estimate of damage
composed of physical and functional damage assessment, as well as target system
assessment, resulting from the application of lethal or nonlethal military
force. Also called BDA. (JP 3-0) See ATP 3-55.6 and
battle handover line A designated phase line on the
ground where responsibility transitions from the stationary force to the moving
force and vice versa. Also called BHL. (ADRP 3-90) See also handover line;
phase line.
battle management (DOD) The management activities
within the operational environment based on the commands, direction, and
guidance given by appropriate authority. Also called BM. (JP 3-01) See ATP
3-27.5.
battle position 1. A defensive location oriented on a
likely enemy avenue of approach. (ADRP 3-90) 2. For attack helicopters, an area
battle rhythm A deliberate cycle of command, staff,
and unit activities intended to synchronize current and future operations.
be prepared mission A mission assigned to a unit that
might be executed. (ATTP 5-0.1) See also on order mission.
biological weapon (DOD) An item of material
which projects, disperses, or disseminates a biological agent including
arthropod vectors. (JP 3-11) See ATP 4-02.84
biometrics-enabled intelligence The information
associated with and/or derived from biometric signatures and the associated
contextual information that positively identifies a specific person and/or
matches an unknown identity to a place, activity, device, component, or weapon.
(ADRP 1-02)
block A tactical mission task that denies the enemy
access to an area or prevents his advance in a direction or along an avenue of
approach. Block is also an obstacle effect that integrates fire planning and
obstacle effort to stop an attacker along a specific avenue of approach or to
prevent the attacking force from passing through an engagement area. (FM
3-90-1) See also avenue of approach; contain; disrupt; fix; tactical mission
task; turn.
board (Army) A grouping of predetermined staff
representatives with delegated decision authority for a particular purpose or
function. (ATTP 5-0.1) See also working group, battle rhythm.
boost phase (DOD) That portion of the flight of a
ballistic missile or space vehicle during which the booster and sustainer
engines operate. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-27.5.
boundary (DOD) A line that delineates surface areas
for the purpose of facilitating coordination and deconfliction of operations
between adjacent units, formations, or areas. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-90-1.
bounding overwatch A movement technique used when
contact with enemy forces is expected. The unit moves by bounds. One element is
always halted in position to overwatch another element while it moves. The
overwatching element is positioned to support the moving unit by fire or fire
and movement. (FM 3-90-2)
box formation A unit formation with subordinate
elements arranged in a box or square, or two elements up and two elements back.
It is a flexible formation that provides equal firepower in all directions. It
is generally used when the enemy location is known. This formation can cause 50
percent of force to be decisively engaged at the same time, therefore limiting
the combat power available to maneuver against an enemy. (FM 3-90-1) See also
column formation; echelon formation.
branch (DOD) 1. A subdivision of any organization. 2.
A geographically separate unit of an activity, which performs all or part of
the primary functions of the parent activity on a smaller scale. 3. An arm or
service of the Army. 4. The contingency options built into the base plan used
for charging the mission, orientation, or direction of movement of a force to
aid success of the operation based on anticipated events, opportunities, or
disruptions caused by enemy actions and reactions. (JP 5-0) See FM 3-07.
breach A tactical mission task in which the unit
employs all available means to break through or establish a passage through an
enemy defense, obstacle, minefield, or fortification. (FM 3-90-1) See also
tactical mission task.
breach area The area where a breaching operation
occurs. It is established and fully defined by the higher headquarters of the
unit conducting breaching operations. (ATTP 3-90.4) See also breaching
operation.
breaching operation Operation conducted to allow
maneuver despite the presence of obstacles. Breaching is a synchronized
combined arms operation under the control of the maneuver commander. Breaching
operations begin when friendly forces detect an obstacle and begin to apply the
breaching fundamentals, and they end when battle handover has occurred between
follow on forces and a unit conducting the breaching operation. (ATTP 3-90.4)
See also follow on forces.
breakout An operation conducted by an encircled force
to regain freedom of movement or contact with friendly units. It differs from
other attacks only in that a simultaneous defense in other areas of the
perimeter must be maintained. (ADRP 3-90) See also encirclement; follow and
support; main body.
breakthrough A rupturing of the enemys forward
defenses that occurs as a result of a penetration. A breakthrough permits the
passage of an exploitation force. (FM 3-90-1) See also attack; exploitation;
penetration.
bridgehead In gap crossing operations, an area on the
enemys side of the linear obstacle that is large enough to accommodate the
majority of the crossing force, has adequate terrain to permit defense of the
crossing sites, provides security of crossing forces from enemy direct fire,
and provides a base for continuing the attack. (ATTP 3-90.4) See also crossing
site.
bridgehead force A force that assaults across a gap to
secure the enemy side (the bridgehead) to allow the buildup and passage of a
breakout force during river crossing operations. (ATTP 3-90.4) See also
bridgehead.
brigade A unit consisting of two or more battalions
and a headquarters company or detachment. (ADRP 3-90) See also battalion;
division.
brigade combat team (Army) A combined arms
organization consisting of a brigade headquarters, at least two maneuver
battalions, and necessary supporting functional capabilities. Also called BCT.
(ADRP 3-90)
bypass A tactical mission task in which the commander
directs his unit to maneuver around an obstacle, position, or enemy force to
maintain the momentum of the operation while deliberately avoiding combat with
an enemy force. (FM 3-90-1) See also tactical mission task.
bypass criteria Measures during the conduct of an
offensive operation established by higher headquarters that specify the
conditions and size under which enemy units and contact may be avoided. (ADRP
3-90) See also bypass.
C
call for fire A request for fire containing data necessary
for obtaining the required fire on a target. Also called CCF. (FM 3-09)
call forward area In gap crossing operations, waiting
areas within the crossing area where final preparations are made. (ATTP 3-90.4)
campaign (DOD) A series of related major operations
aimed at achieving strategic and operational objectives within a given time and
space. (JP 5-0) See ADRP 3-0 and ATP 3-07.5.
canalize (Army) A tactical mission task in which the
commander restricts enemy movement to a narrow zone by exploiting terrain
coupled with the use of obstacles, fires, or friendly maneuver. (FM 3-90-1) See
also tactical mission task.
capacity building The process of creating an
environment that fosters host nation institutional development, community
participation, human resources development, and strengthening of managerial
systems. (FM 3-07)
campaign (DOD) A series of related major operations
aimed at achieving strategic and operational objectives within a given time and
space. (JP 5-0) See ADP 3-0 and FM 3-07.
center of gravity (DOD) The source of power that
provides moral or physical strength, freedom of action, or will to act. Also
called COG. (JP 5-0) See ADRP 3-0.
casualty evacuation (DOD) The unregulated movement of
casualties that can include movement both to and between medical treatment
facilities. Also called CASEVAC. (JP 4-02) See ATP 3-55.6.
casualty operations The process of recording,
reporting, verifying, and processing casualty information from unit-level to
headquarters Department of the Army, notifying appropriate individuals and
agencies, and providing casualty notification and assistance to the primary
next of kin. (ATP 1-0.2)
center of gravity (DOD) The source of power that
provides moral or physical strength, freedom or action, or will to act. Also
called COG. (JP 5-0) See FM 3-57.
checkpoint A predetermined point on the ground used to
control movement, tactical maneuver, and orientation. (ADRP 1-02)
chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear defense
(DOD) Measures taken to minimize or negate the vulnerabilities and/or effects
of a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear incident. Also called CBRN
defense. (JP 3-11) See ATP 4-02.84.
chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear incident (DOD) Any occurrence, resulting from the use of chemical, biological
radiological and nuclear weapons and devices; the emergence of secondary
hazards arising from counterforce targeting; or the release of toxic industrial
materials into the environment, involving the emergence of chemical biological,
radiological and nuclear hazards. (JP 3-11) See ADP 3-28 and ATP 3-55.6.
chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear sample
management Chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) sample
management is the process whereby CBRN samples are collected, packaged,
transported, stored, transferred, analyzed, tracked, and disposed. It begins
with the decision to collect CBRN samples and continues to the reporting of
information produced by the final analysis of that sample. This process
includes safeguarding and prioritizing CBRN samples, tracking their movements
and analytical status, and reporting the end result of sample analysis. The
CBRN sample management process establishes procedures, guidelines, and constraints
at staff and unit levels to protect and preserve the integrity of CBRN samples
that may have tactical, operational, and/or strategic implications. (ATP
3-11.37)
chief of fires The senior fires officer at division
and higher headquarters level who is responsible for advising the commander on
the best use of available fire support resources, providing input to necessary
orders, and developing and implementing the fires support plan.
civil administration (DOD) An administration established
by a foreign government in (1) friendly territory, under an agreement with the
government of the area concerned, to exercise certain authority normally the
function of the local government; or (2) hostile territory, occupied by United
States forces, where a foreign government exercises executive, legislative, and
judicial authority until an indigenous civil government can be established.
Also called CA. (JP 3-05) See ATP 3-57.20 and FM 3-57.
civil affairs (DOD) Designated Active and Reserve
Component forces and units organized, trained, and equipped specifically to
conduct civil affairs operations and to support civil military operations. Also
called CA. (JP 3-57) See ADRP 3-05, FM 3-57, and ATP 3-57.20.
civil affairs operations (DOD) Those military
operations conducted by civil affairs forces that (1) enhance the relationship
between military forces and civil authorities in localities where military
forces are present; (2) require coordination with other interagency
organizations, intergovernmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations,
indigenous populations and institutions, and the private sector; and (3)
involve application of functional specialty skills that normally are the
responsibility of civil government to enhance the conduct of civil military
operations. Also called CAO. (JP 3-57) See ADRP 3-05, FM 1-04, FM 3-57, FM
3-07, ATP 3-09.24, ATP 1-06.2, and
civil affairs operations project management The six
step process by which civil affairs forces identify, validate, plan,
coordinate, facilitate, and monitor both material and nonmaterial civil affairs
operations projects to achieve a supported commander's objectives relating to
the civil component of the operational environment. (FM 3-57)
civil assistance Assistance, based on a commander's
decision, in which life-sustaining services are provided, order is maintained,
and/or goods and services are distributed within the commander's assigned area
of operations. (FM 3-57)
civil authorities (DOD) Those elected and appointed
officers and employees who constitute the government of the United States, the
governments of the 50 states, the District of Colombia, the Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico, United States possessions and territories, and political
subdivisions thereof. (JP 3-28) See ADP 3-28.
civil augmentation program (DOD) Standing, long term
external support contacts designed to augment Service logistic capabilities
with contract support in both preplanned and short notice contingencies.
Examples include US Army Logistics Civil Augmentation Program, Air Force
Contract Augmentation Program, and US Navy Global Contingency Capabilities
Contracts. Also called CAP. (JP 4-10) See
civil considerations The influence of manmade
infrastructure, civilian institutions, and attitudes and activities of the
civilian leaders, populations, and organizations within an area of operations
on the conduct of military operations. (ADRP 5-0)
civilian internee (DOD) A civilian who is interned
during armed conflict, occupation, or other military operation for security
reasons, for protection, or because he or she committed an offense against the
detaining power. Also called CI. (DODD 2310.01E) See FM 1-04.
civil information Information developed from data with
relation to civil areas, structures, capabilities, organization, people, and
events within civil component of the commander's operational environment that
can be fused or processed to increase Department of Defense/interagency/
intergovernmental organizations/nongovernmental organizations/indigenous
populations and institutions situational awareness, situational understanding,
or situational dominance. (FM 3-57)
civil information management Process whereby civil
information is collected, entered into a central database, and internally fused
with the supported element, higher headquarters, other United States Government
and Department of Defense agencies, to ensure the timely availability of information
for analysis and the widest possible dissemination of the raw and analyzed
civil information to military and nonmilitary partners throughout the area of
operations. Also called CIM. (FM 3-57)
civil liaison team Provides limited civil-military
interface capability as a spoke for exchange of information between indigenous
populations and institutions, intergovernmental organizations, nongovernmental
organizations, and other governmental agencies, and has limited capability to
link resources to prioritize requirements. The civil liaison team is a
stand-alone team for the civil-military operations center. It provides the
supported level civil-military operations center with a storefront for civil
affairs operations and civil-military operations coordination capability
without interfering with the regular staff functions. Also called CLT. (FM
3-57)
civil military engagement A formal program that
facilitates the U.S. interagency, host nation indigenous authorities, select
intergovernmental and nongovernmental partners, and the private sector to
build, replace, repair, and sustain civil capabilities and capacities that
eliminate, reduce, or mitigate civil vulnerabilities or local regional
populations. Civil military engagement is a globally synchronized and
regionally coordinated program of country-specific and regional actions
executed through and with indigenous and U.S. interagency partners to eliminate
the underlying conditions and core motivations for local and regional
population support to violent extremist organizations and the networks. Also
called CME. (FM 3-57)
civil military operations (DOD) The activities of a
commander that establish, maintain, influence, or exploit relations between
military forces, governmental and nongovernmental civilian organizations and
authorities, and the civilian populace in a friendly, neutral, or hostile
operational area in order to facilitate military operations, to consolidate and
achieve operational US objectives. Civil military operations may include
performance by military forces of activities and functions normally the
responsibility of the local, regional, or national government. These activities
may occur prior to, during, or subsequent to other military actions. They may
also occur, if directed, in the absence of other military operations. Civil
military operations may be performed by designated civil affairs, by other
military forces, or by a combination of civil affairs and other forces. Also
called CMO. (JP 3-57) See ADRP 3-05, FM 3-57 and ATP 3-57.20.
civil military operations center (DOD) An organization
normally comprised of civil affairs, established to plan and facilitate
coordination of activities of the Armed Forces of the United States with
indigenous populations and institutions, the private sector, intergovernmental
organizations, nongovernmental organization, multinational forces, and other
governmental agencies in support of the joint force commander. Also called
CMOC. (JP 3-57) See ATP 3-57.20 and FM 3-57.
civil-military support element A tasked-organized
civil affairs force that conducts civil-military engagement in a specified
country or region. A civil-military support element is composed of a
persistent-presence element of civil affairs leaders/planners, and a
presence-for-purpose element composed of a civil affairs team(s) that may
include enablers (for example, health service support, engineer, etc.) who are
task organized for a specific time to execute a coordination mission. Also
called CMSE. (FM 3-57)
civil reconnaissance A targeted, planned, and
coordinated observation and evaluation of those specific civil aspects of the
environment. Civil reconnaissance focuses specifically on the civil component,
the elements of which are best represented by the mnemonic ASCOPE: areas, structures,
capabilities, organizations, people, and events. Civil reconnaissance can be
conducted by civil affairs or by other forces, as required. Also called CR. (FM
3-57)
civil support (DOD) Department of Defense support to
US civil authorities for domestic emergencies, and for designated law
enforcement and other activities. Also called CS. (JP 3-28) See ATP 3-28.1.
classes of supply (DOD) The ten categories into which
supplies are grouped in order to facilitate supply management and planning. I.
Rations and gratuitous issue of health, morale, and welfare items. II.
Clothing, individual equipment, tentage, tool sets, and administrative and
housekeeping supplies and equipment. III. Petroleum, oils, and lubricants. IV.
Construction materials. V. Ammunition. VI. Personal demand items. VII. Major
end items, including tanks, helicopters, and radios. VIII. Medical. IX. Repair
parts and components for equipment maintenance. X. Nonstandard items to support
nonmilitary programs such as agriculture and economic development. (JP 4-09)
[Note: Army doctrine also includes a miscellaneous category comprising water,
captured enemy material, and salvage material.] See ADRP 4-0.
clear 1. A tactical mission task that requires the commander to remove all enemy forces and eliminate organized resistance within an assigned area. (FM 3-90-1)
2. To eliminate transmissions on a tactical radio net in order to allow a higher precedence transmission to occur. (FM 6-02.53)
3. The total elimination or neutralization of an obstacle that is usually
performed by follow on engineers and is not done under fire. (ATTP 3 90.4) See
also reduce; tactical mission task.
clearance of fires The process of approving or
obtaining approval to attack targets with fires within and outside the boundaries
of the supported unit for which the fires are provided. (FM 3-09)
close air support (DOD) Air action by fixed and rotary
wing aircraft against hostile targets that are in close proximity to friendly
forces and that require detailed integration of each air mission with the fire
and movement of those forces. Also called CAS. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-52, ATP
3-09.24, ATP 3-06.1, and ATP 3-55.6.
close area In contiguous areas of operations, an area
assigned to a maneuver force that extends from its subordinates' rear
boundaries to its own forward boundary. (ADRP 3-0)
close combat Warfare carried out on land in a direct
fire fight, supported by direct and indirect fires, and other assets. (ADRP
3-0)
close quarters battle Sustained combative tactics,
techniques, and procedures employed by small, highly trained special operations
forces using special purpose weapons, munitions, and demolitions to recover
specified personnel, equipment, or material. (ADRP 3-05)
coalition (DOD) An arrangement between two or more
nations for common action. (JP 5-0) See ADRP 3-0 and FM 3-07.
collaborative planning Commanders, subordinate
commanders, staffs, and other partners sharing information, knowledge, perceptions,
ideas, and concepts regardless of physical location throughout the planning
process. (ADRP 5-0)
collateral damage (DOD) Unintentional or incidental
injury or damage to persons or objects that would not be lawful military
targets in the circumstances ruling at the time. (JP 3-60) See ATP 3-60.1 and
ATP 3-06.1.
collection management (DOD) In intelligence usage, the
process of converting intelligence requirements into collection requirements,
establishing priorities, tasking or coordinating with appropriate collection
sources of agencies, monitoring results, and retaskings,
as required. (JP 2-0) See ATP 3-55.6.
column formation The column formation is a combat
formation in which elements are placed one behind the other. (FM 3-90-1)
combatant command (command authority) (DOD)
Nontransferable authority established by Title 10 (Armed Forces), United States
Code, Section164, exercised only by commanders of unified or specified
combatant commands unless otherwise directed by the President or the Secretary
of Defense. Combatant command (command authority) cannot be delegated and is
the authority of a combatant commander to perform those functions of command
over assigned forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces,
assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction
over all aspects of military operations, joint training, and logistics
necessary to accomplish the missions assigned to the command. Combatant command
(command authority) should be exercised through the commanders of subordinate
organizations. Normally this authority is exercised through subordinate joint
force commanders and Service and/or functional component commanders. Combatant
commander (command authority) provides full authority to organize and employ
commands and forces as the combatant commander considers necessary to
accomplish the assigned missions. Operational control is inherent in combatant
command (command authority) Also called COCOM. (JP 1) See ATP 3-27.5.
combat camera (DOD) The acquisition and utilization of
still and motion imagery in support of operational and planning requirements
across the range of military operations and during joint exercises. Also called
COMCAM. (JP 3-61) See ATP 3-55.12.
combat engineering The engineer discipline that is
focused on affecting terrain while in close support to maneuver forces that are
in close combat. (FM 3-4)
combat formation A combat formation is an ordered
arrangement of forces for a specific purpose and the general configuration of a
unit on the ground. (ADRP 3-90)
combat identification (DOD) The process of attaining
an accurate characterization of detected objects in the operational environment
sufficient to support an engagement decision. Also called CID. (JP 3-09) See
ATP 3-60.1.
combat information (DOD) Unevaluated data, gathered by
or provided directly to the tactical commander which, due to its highly
perishable nature or the criticality of the situation, cannot be processed into
tactical intelligence in time to satisfy the user's tactical intelligence
requirements. (JP 2-01) See ADRP 2-0 and ADRP 3-90.
combat load The minimum mission essential equipment,
as determined by the commander responsible for carrying out the mission,
required for Soldiers or Marines to fight and survive immediate combat
operations. (FM 10-1)
combat observation and lasing team A field artillery
team controlled at the brigade level that is capable of day and night target
acquisition and has both laser range finding and laser-designating capabilities.
(ADRP 3-09)
combat power (DOD) The total means of destruction
and/or disruptive force which a military unit/formation can apply against the
opponent at a given time. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-07. (Army) The total means of
destructive, constructive, and information capabilities that a military unit or
formation can apply at a given time. (ADRP 3-0)
combat outpost A reinforced observation post capable
of conducting limited combat operations. (FM 3-90-2)
combat search and rescue (DOD) The tactics, techniques,
and procedures performed by forces to effect the recovery of isolated personnel
during combat. Also called CSAR (JP 3-50) See ADRP 3-05.
combined arms The synchronized and simultaneous
application of arms to achieve an effect greater than if each arm was used
separately or sequentially. (ADRP 3-0)
combined arms maneuver The application of the element
of combat power in unified action to defeat enemy ground forces; to seize,
occupy, and defend land areas; and to achieve physical, temporal, and
psychological advantages over the enemy to seize and exploit the initiative.
(ADP 3-0)
combined arms team (Army) Two or more arms mutually
supporting one another, usually consisting of a mixture of infantry, armor,
aviation, field artillery, air defense artillery, and engineers. (ADRP 3-90)
command (DOD) 1. The authority that a commander in the armed forces lawfully exercises over subordinates by virtue of rank or assignment. Command includes the authority and responsibility for effectively using available resources and for planning the employment of, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling military forces for the accomplishment of assigned missions. It also includes responsibility for health, welfare, morale, and discipline of assigned personnel. See ADRP 3-0, ADP 6-0 and ADP 6-22.
2. An order given by a commander; that is, the will of the commander expressed for the purpose of bringing about a particular action.
3. A unit or
units, an organization, or an area under the command of one individual. Also
called CMD (JP 1). See FM 3-07.
command and control (DOD) The exercise of authority
and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached
forces in the accomplishment of the mission. Command and control functions are
preformed through an arrangement of personnel, equipment, communications,
facilities, and procedures employed by a commander in planning, directing,
coordinating, and controlling forces and operations in the accomplishment of
the mission. Also called C2. (JP 1). See FM 3-07 and ATP 3-06.1.
commander's critical information requirement (DOD) An
information requirement identified by the commander as being critical to
facilitating timely decision making. Also called CCIR. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 5-0
and ATP 3-09.24.
commander's intent (DOD) A clear and concise
expression of the purpose of the operation and the desired military end state
that supports mission command, provides focus to the staff, and helps
subordinate and supporting commanders act to achieve the commander's desired
results without further orders, even when the operation does not unfold as
planned. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 3-0, ADP 5-0, ADP 6-0, ADRP 6-0, and FM 3-07.
commander's visualization The mental process of
developing situational understanding, determining desired end state, and
envisioning an operational approach by which the force will achieve that end
state. (ADP 5-0)
command group The commander and selected staff members
who assist the commander in controlling operations away from a command post.
(ATTP 5-0.1) See also mission command; commander; command post.
command post A unit headquarters where the commander
and staff perform their activities. (ATTP 5-0.1) See also commander; command
group; main command post; tactical command post.
command post cell A grouping of personnel and
equipment organized by warfighting function or by planning horizon to
facilitate the exercise of mission command. (ATTP 5-0.1)
committed force A force in contact with an enemy or
deployed on a specific mission or course of action which precludes its
employment elsewhere. (ADRP 3-90) See also attack; decisive engagement.
common operational picture (Army) A single display of
relevant information within a commander's area of interest tailored to the
user's requirements and based on common data and information shared by more
than one command. Also called COP. (ADRP 6-0)
company A company is a unit consisting of two or more
platoons, usually of the same type, with a headquarters and a limited capacity
for self support. (ADRP 3-90)
company team A combined arms organization formed by
attaching one or more nonorganic armor, mechanized infantry, Stryker infantry,
or light infantry platoons to a tank, mechanized infantry, Stryker, or infantry
company either in exchange for, or in addition to its organic platoons. (ADRP
3-90)
complex terrain A geographical area consisting of an
urban center larger than a village and/or of two or more types of restrictive
terrain or environmental conditions occupying the same space. Restrictive
terrain or environmental conditions include, but are not limited to, slope,
high altitude, forestation, severe weather, and urbanization. (ATTP 3-34.80)
comprehensive approach An approach that integrates the
cooperative efforts of the departments and agencies of the United States
Government, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, multinational
partners, and private sector entities to achieve unity of effort toward a
shared goal. (FM 3-07)
concealment Protection from observation or
surveillance. See also surveillance. (ADRP 1-02)
concept of operations (DOD) A verbal or graphic
statement that clearly and concisely expresses what the joint force commander
intends to accomplish and how it will be done using available resources. (JP
5-0) See ADRP 3-90, FM 3-90-1, and FM 3-07. (Army) A statement that directs the
manner in which subordinate units cooperate to accomplish the mission and
establish the sequence of actions the force will use to achieve the end state.
(ADRP 5-0) See also commander's intent; operation plan.
conduct human resources planning operations The means
by which human resources provider envisions a desired human resources end state
in support of the operational commander's mission requirement. End state
includes the intent, expected requirement, and outcomes to be achieved in the
conduct and sustainment of human resources operations. Planning involves the
use of the military decisionmaking process and
composite risk management to ensure decisions are being made at the proper
level command. The end result is communicated to subordinates through an
operation plan or operation order. (ATP 1-0.2)
confirmation brief A briefing subordinate leaders give
to the higher commander immediately after the operation order is given. It is
their understanding of his intent, their specific tasks, and the relationship
between their mission and the other units in the operation. (ADRP 5-0) See also
commander's intent; operation order.
conflict transformation (DOD) A peace operation
employing complementary diplomatic, civil, and when necessary, military means
to monitor and identify the causes of conflict, and take timely action to
prevent the occurrence, escalation, or resumption of hostilities.
conflict transformation The process of reducing the
means and motivations for violent conflict while developing more viable,
peaceful alternatives for the competitive pursuit of political and socio
economic aspirations. (FM 3-07)
consequence management (DOD) Actions taken to maintain
or restore essential services and manage and mitigate problems resulting from
disasters and catastrophes, including natural, man-made, or terrorist
incidents. Also called CM. (JP 3-28) See ATP 3-57.20.
consolidation Organizing and strengthening in newly
captured position so that it can be used against the enemy. (FM 3-90-1)
constraint (Army) A restriction placed on the command
by a higher command. A constraint dictates an action or inaction, thus
restricting the freedom of action a subordinate commander. (ATTP 5-0.1)
contact point (DOD) 1. In land warfare, a point on the terrain, easily identifiable, where two or more units are required to make contact. See FM 3-90-1.
2. In air operations, the position at which a mission leader makes radio contact with an air control agency.
3. In personnel
recovery, a location where isolated personnel can establish contact with
recovery forces. Also called CP. (JP 3-50) See FM 3-05.231.
contain A tactical mission task that requires the
commander to stop, hold, or surround enemy forces or to cause them to center
their activity on a given front and prevent them from withdrawing any part of
their forces for use elsewhere. (FM 3-90-1)
container management The process of establishing and
maintaining visibility and accountability of all cargo containers moving within
the
contamination (DOD) 1. The deposit, absorption, or adsorption of radioactive material, or of biological or chemical agents on or by structures, areas, personnel, or objects.
2. Food and/or water made unfit
for consumption by humans or animals because of the presence of environmental
chemicals, radioactive elements, bacteria or organisms, the byproduct or the
growth of bacteria or organisms, the decomposing material (to include the food
substance itself), or waste in the food or water. (JP 3-11) See ATP 4-02.84.
contamination control (DOD) A combination of
preparatory and responsive measures designed to limit the vulnerability of
forces to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and toxic industrial
hazards and to avoid, contain, control exposure to, and, where possible,
neutralize them. (JP 3-11) See ATP 4-02.84.
contiguous area of operations An area of operations
where all of a commander's subordinate forces' areas of operations share one or
more common boundary. (FM 3-90-1) See also area of operations; boundary.
continuity The uninterrupted provision of sustainment.
(ADP 4-0)
contracting officer (DOD) The Service member or
Department of Defense civilian with the legal authority to enter into,
administer, and/or terminate contracts. (JP 4-10) See ATTP 4-10 and ATP 1-06.2.
control (DOD) 1. Authority that may be less than full command exercised by a commander over part of the activities of subordinate or other organizations. (JP 1)
2. In mapping, changing, and photogrammetry, a collective term for a system of marks or objects on the Earth or on a map or photograph, whose positions or elevations (or both) have been or will be determined. (JP 2-03)
3. Physical or psychological pressures exerted with the intent to assure that an agent or group will response as directed. (JP3-0) An indicator governing the distribution and use of documents, information, or material. Such indicators are the subject of intelligence community agreement and are specifically defined in appropriate regulations. (JP 2-01) See FM 3-07. (Army)
1. The regulation of forces and warfighting functions to accomplish the mission in accordance with the commander's intent. (ADP 6-0)
2. A tactical
mission task that requires the commander to maintain physical influence over a
specified area to prevent its use by an enemy or to create conditions necessary
for successful friendly operations.
3. An action taken to eliminate a hazard or
reduce its risk. (FM 5-19)
control measure A means of regulating forces or
warfighting functions. (ADRP 6-0)
conventional forces (DOD) Those forces capable of conducting operations using nonnuclear weapons;
2. Those forces other than
designated special operations forces. (JP 3-05) See ADRP 3-05.
coordinated fire line (DOD) A line beyond which
conventional and indirect surface fire support means may fire at any time
within the boundaries of the establishing headquarters without additional
coordination. The purpose of the coordinated fire line is to expedite the
surface to surface attack of targets beyond the coordinated fire line without
coordination with the ground commander in whose area the targets are located.
Also called CFL. (JP 3-09) See FM 3-09 and FM 3-90-1.
cordon and search A technique of conducting a movement
to contact that involve isolating a target area and searching suspect locations
within that target area to capture or destroy possible enemy forces and
contraband. (FM 3-90-1)
corps The Army's largest tactical unit and the
instrument by which joint force commanders conduct operational level maneuver.
counterattack Attack by part or all of a defending
force against an enemy attacking force, for such specific purposes as regaining
ground lost, or cutting off or destroying enemy advance units, and with the
general objective of denying to the enemy the attainment of the enemy's purpose
in attacking. In sustained defensive operations, it is undertaken to restore
the battle position and is directed at limited objectives. (ADRP 1-02)
counterfire (DOD) The fire intended to destroy or
neutralize enemy weapons, includes counterbattery and countermortar
fire. (JP 3-09) See ADRP 3-09, FM 3-90-1 and ATP 3-09.24.
counterinsurgency (DOD) Comprehensive civilian and
military efforts taken to defeat an insurgency and to address any core
grievances. (JP 3-24) See ADP 3-05, ADRP 3-05 and ADRP 3-07.
counterintelligence (DOD) Information gathered and
activities conducted to identify, deceive, exploit, disrupt, or protect against
espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or assassinations conducted
for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations or persons or their agents,
or international terrorist organizations or activities. Also called CI. (JP
2-01.2) See FM 2-22.2 (Army) Counters or neutralizes intelligence collection
efforts through collection, counterintelligence investigations, operations
analysis, production, and technical services and support. Counterintelligence
includes all actions taken to detect, identify, track, exploit, and neutralize
the multidiscipline intelligence activities of friends, competitors, opponents,
adversaries, and enemies; is the key intelligence community contributor to
protect U.S. interests and equities; assists in identifying essential elements
of friendly information, identifying vulnerabilities to threat collection, and
actions taken to counter collection and operations against U.S. forces. (FM
2-22.2)
counterintelligence insider threat (DOD) A person,
known or suspect, who uses their authorized access to Department of Defense
facilities, systems, equipment, information or infrastructure to damage,
disrupt operations, commit espionage on behalf of a foreign intelligence entity
or support international terrorist organizations. (JP 1-02) See ADRP 2-0.
countermobility
operations (Army) Those combined arms activities that use or enhance the
effects of natural and man made obstacles to deny an
adversary freedom of movement and maneuver. (FM 3-34) See also destroy;
disrupt.
counterpreperation
fire Intensive prearranged fire delivered when the imminence of the enemy
attack is discovered. It is designed to breakup enemy formations; delay
movement of reinforcements to reserve; disorganize the enemy's system of command,
communications, and observation; decrease the effectiveness of artillery
preparation; and impair the enemy's offensive spirit. (FM 3-09)
counterproliferation (DOD) Those actions taken to
defeat the threat and/or use of weapons of mass destruction against the United
States, our forces, allies, and partners. Also called CP. (JP 3-40) See ADRP
3-05.
counterreconnaissance
A tactical mission task that encompasses all measures taken by a commander to
counter enemy reconnaissance and surveillance efforts. Counterreconnaissance
is not a distinct mission, but a component of all forms of security operations.
(FM 3-90-1) See also tactical mission task.
counterterrorism (DOD) Actions taken directly against
terrorist networks and indirectly to influence and render global and regional
environments inhospitable to terrorist networks. (JP 3-05) See ADP 3-05 and
ADRP 3-05.
country team (DOD) The senior, in-country U.S.
coordination and supervising body, headed by the chief of the U.S. diplomatic
mission, and composed of the senior member of each represented U.S. department
of agency as desired by the chief of the U.S. diplomatic mission. (JP 3-07.4)
See ATP 3-57.20, FM 3-07, and FM 3-57.
course of action (DOD) A scheme developed to
accomplish a mission. (JP 5-0) See chapter 10 of this publication.
cover 1. Protection from the effects of fires. (ADRP 1-02)
2. A security task to protect the main body by fighting to gain time
while also observing and reporting information and preventing enemy ground
observation of and direct fire against the main body. (ADRP 3-90) See also
covering force; security operations.
covered approach 1. Any route that offers protection against enemy fire.
2. An approach made under the protection furnished by other
forces or by natural cover. (FM 3-21.10) See also concealment; cover.
covering force (Army) A self
contained force capable of operating independently of the main body,
unlike a screen or guard force to conduct the cover task. (FM 3-90-2)
covering force area The area forward of the forward
edge of the battle area out to the forward positions initially assigned to the
covering forces. It is here that the covering forces execute assigned tasks.
(FM 3-90-2) See also covering force; forward edge of the battle area.
covert crossing The crossing of an inland water
obstacle or other gap that is planned and intended to be executed without
detection by an adversary. (ATTP 3-90.4)
covert operation An operation that is so planned and
executed as to conceal the identity of or permit plausible denial by the
sponsor. (ADRP 1-02)
crew Consists of all personnel operating a particular
system. (ADRP 3-90)
crisis action planning (DOD) The adaptive Planning and
Execution systems process involving the time-sensitive development of joint
operation plans and operation orders for the deployment, employment, and
sustainment of assigned and allocated forces and resources in response to an
imminent crisis. Also called CAP. (JP 5-0) See ATP 3-27.5.
critical asset list (DOD) A prioritized list of
assets, normally identified by phase of the operation, and approved by the
joint force commander that should be defended against air and missile threats.
(JP 3-01) See ADRP 3-09 and ADRP 3-37.
critical asset security The protection and security of
personnel and physical assets or information that is analyzed and deemed
essential to the operation and success of the mission and to resources required
for protection. (ADRP 3-37)
critical event An event that directly influences
mission accomplishment. (ATTP 5-0.1)
critical friendly zone An area usually a friendly unit
or location, which the maneuver commander designates as critical to the
protection of an asset whose loss would jeopardize the mission (ADRP 1-02)
cueing The integration of one or more types of
reconnaissance or surveillance systems to provide information that directs
follow-on collection of more detailed information by another system. (FM
3-90-2)
culminating point (Army) That point in time and space
at which a force no longer possesses the capability to continue its current
form of operations. (ADRP 3-0)
cyber electromagnetic activities Activities leveraged
to seize, retain, and exploit and advantage over adversaries and enemies in
both cyberspace and the electromagnetic spectrum, while simultaneously denying
and degrading adversary and enemy use of the same, and protecting the mission
command system. (ADRP 3-0)
D
data (Army) Unprocessed signals communicated between
any nodes in an information system, or sensing from the environment detected by
a collector of any kind (human, mechanical, or electronic). (ADRP 6-0)
danger close (DOD) In close air support, artillery,
mortar, and naval gunfire support fires, it is the term included in the method
of engagement segment of a call for fire which indicates that friendly forces
are within close proximity of the target. The close proximity distance is
determined by the weapon and munition fired. (JP 3-09.3) See ATP 3-06.1.
datum (geodetic) (DOD) 1. A reference surface
consisting of five quantities: the latitude and longitude of an initial point,
the azimuth of a line from that point, and the parameters of the reference
ellipsoid. 2. The mathematical model of the earth used to calculate the
coordinates on any map. Different nations use different datum for printing
coordinates on their maps. (JP 2-03) See ATP 3-50.3 and ATP 3-06.1.
debriefing The systematic questioning of individuals
to procure information to answer specific collection requirements by direct and
indirect questioning techniques. (FM 2-22.3)
decision point (DOD) A point in space and time when
the commander or staff anticipates making a key decision concerning a specific
course of action. (JP 5-0) See ADRP 5-0.
decision support matrix A written record of a war
gamed course of action that describes decision points and associated actions at
those decision points. Also called DSM. (ADRP 5-0) See also branch; decision
point; decision support template; sequel; wargaming.
decision support template (DOD) A combined
intelligence and operations graphic based on the results of wargaming. The
decision support template depicts decision points, timelines associated with
movement of forces and the flow of the operation, and other key items of
information required to execute a specific friendly course of action. (JP
2-01.3) See ADRP 5 0.
decisive action (Army) The continuous, simultaneous
combinations of offensive, defensive, and stability or defense support of civil
authorities tasks. (ADRP 3-0)
decisive engagement An engagement in which a unit is
considered fully committed and cannot maneuver or extricate itself. In the
absence of outside assistance, the action must be fought to a conclusion and
either won or lost with the forces at hand. (ADRP 3-90)
decisive operation The operation that directly
accomplishes the mission. (ADRP 3-0) See also battle; engagement; major
operation; shaping operation.
decisive point (DOD) A geographic place, specific key
event, critical factor, or function that, when acted upon, allows commanders to
gain a marked advantage over an adversary or contribute materially to achieving
success. (JP 5-0) See ADRP 3-0, ADRP 3-07, and
decisive terrain Decisive terrain, when, present, is
key terrain whose seizure and retention is mandatory for successful mission
accomplishment. (FM 3-90-1) See also key terrain.
decontamination (DOD) The process of making any
person, object, or area safe by absorbing, destroying, neutralizing, making
harmless, or removing chemical or biological agents, or by removing radioactive
material clinging to or around it. (JP 3-11) See ATP 4-02.84.
deep area In contiguous areas of operation, an area
forward of the close area that a commander uses to shape enemy forces before
they are encountered or engaged in the close area. (ADRP 3-0)
defeat A tactical mission task that occurs when an
enemy force has temporarily or permanently lost the physical means or the will
to fight. The defeated forces commander is unwilling or unable to pursue his
adopted course of action, thereby yielding to the friendly commanders will,
and can no longer interfere to a significant degree with the actions of
friendly forces. Defeat can result from the use of force or the threat of its
use. (FM 3-90-1) See also decisive point; tactical mission task.
defeat in detail Concentrating overwhelming combat
power against separate parts of a force rather than defeating the entire force
at once. (ADRP 3-90) See also combat power.
defeat mechanism The method through which friendly
forces accomplish their mission against enemy opposition. (ADRP 3-0)
defended asset list (DOD) In defensive counterair
operations, is a listing of those asset from the critical asset list
prioritized by the joint force commander to be defended with the resource
available. (JP 3-01) See ADRP 3-09 and ADRP 3-37.
defense support of civil authorities (DOD) Support
provided by U.S. Federal military forces, Department of Defense civilians,
Department of Defense contract personnel, Department of Defense component
assets, and National Guard forces (when the Secretary of Defense, in
coordination with the governors of the affected States, elects and requests to
use those forces in Title 32, United States Code, status) in response to
requests for assistance from civil authorities for domestic emergencies, law
enforcement support, and other domestic activities, or from qualifying entities
for special events. Also called DSCA. Also known as civil support. (DODD
3025.18) See ADP 3-28,
defensive fires Fires that protect friendly forces,
population centers, and critical infrastructure. (FM 3-09)
defensive task A task conducted to defeat an enemy
attack, gain time, economize forces, and develop conditions favorable for
offensive or stability tasks. (ADRP 3-0)
defile A special movement circulation control measure
conducted to keep traffic moving smoothly through a narrow passageway.
definitive identification The employment of multiple
state-of-the-art, independent, established protocols and technologies by
scientific experts in a nationally recognized laboratory to determine the
unambiguous identity of a chemical, biological, radiological, and/or nuclear
hazard with the highest level of confidence and degree of certainty necessary
to support strategic-level decisions. (ATP 3-11.37)
delay line A phase line where the date and time before
which the enemy is not allowed to cross the phase line is depicted as part of
the graphic control measure. (FM 3-90-1) See also control measure; phase line.
delaying operation (DOD) An operation in which a
force under pressure trades space for time by slowing down the enemys momentum
and inflicting maximum damage on the enemy without, in principle, becoming
decisively engaged. (JP 3-04) See ADP 3-90, ADRP 3-90, and FM 3-90-1.
deliberate crossing The crossing of an inland water
obstacle or other gap that requires extensive planning and detailed
preparations. (ATTP 3-90.4)
deliberate operation An operation in which the
tactical situation allows the development and coordination of detailed plans,
including multiple branches and sequels. (ADRP 3-90)
demobilization (DOD) The process of transitioning a
conflict or wartime military establishment and defense-based civilian economy
to a peacetime configuration while maintaining national security and economic
vitality. (JP 4-05) See ADRP 3-07 and FM 3-07.
demonstration (DOD) In military deception, a show of
force in an area where a decision is not sought that is made to deceive an
adversary. It is similar to a feint but no actual contact with the adversary is
intended. (JP 3-13.4) See FM 3-90-1.
denial operations Actions to hinder or deny the enemy
the use of space, personnel, supplies, or facilities. (FM 3-90-1)
denied area (DOD) An Area under enemy or unfriendly
control in which friendly forces cannot expect to operate successfully within
destroy A tactical mission task that physically
renders an enemy force combat-ineffective until it is reconstituted.
Alternatively, to destroy a combat system is to damage it so badly that
it cannot perform any function or be restored to a usable condition without
being entirely rebuilt. (FM 3-90-1) See also reconstitution; tactical mission
task.
destruction 1. In the context of the computed effects
of field artillery fires, destruction renders a target out of action
permanently or ineffective for a long period of time, producing 30 percent
casualties or materiel damage. 2. A type of adjustment for destroying a given
target. (FM 3-09)
detachment A detachment is a tactical element
organized on either a temporary or permanent basis for special duties. (ADRP
3-90) See also assign; attach; command relationships; operational control.
detachment left in contact An element left in contact
as part of the previously designated (usually rear) security force while the
main body conducts its withdrawal. Also called DLIC. (FM 3-90-1) See also
breakout; retrograde.
detainee (DOD) A term used to refer to any person
captured or otherwise detained by an armed force. (JP 3-63) See FM 1-04.
detection (DOD) In surveillance, the determination and
transmission by a surveillance system that an event has occurred. (JP 3-11)
diamond formation A diamond formation is a variation
of the box combat formation with one maneuver unit leading, maneuver units
positioned on each flank, and the remaining maneuver unit to the rear. (ADRP
3-90) See also box formation; flank.
direct action (DOD) Short-duration strikes and
other small-scale offensive actions conducted as a special operation in
hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments and which employ
specialized military capabilities to seize, destroy, capture, exploit, recover,
or damage designated targets. (JP 3-05) See ADP 3-05 and ADRP 3-05.
direct approach The manner in which a commander
attacks the enemys center of gravity or principal strength by applying combat
power directly against it. (ADRP 3-90)
direct fire (DOD) Fire delivered on a target using the
target itself as a point of aim for either the weapon or the director. (JP
3-09.3)
direct pressure force A force employed in a pursuit
operation that orients on the enemy main body to prevent enemy disengagement or
defensive reconstitution prior to envelopment by the encircling force. It
normally conducts a series of attacks to slow the enemys retirement by forcing
him to stand and fight. (FM 3-90-1) See also disengage; encircling force;
envelopment; reconstitution.
direct support (DOD) A mission requiring a force to
support another specific force and authorizing it to answer directly to the
supported forces request for assistance. Also called DS. (JP 3-09.3) See
ATTP 2-01. (Army) A support relationship requiring a force to support another
specific force and authorizing it to answer directly to the supported forces
request for assistance. (ADRP 5-0)
direction of attack A specific direction or assigned
route a force uses and does not deviate from when attacking. (ADRP 3-90) See
also axis of advance.
directive authority for logistics (DOD) Combatant
command authority to issue directives to subordinate commanders, including
peacetime measures, necessary to ensure effective execution of approved
operation plans. Essential measures include the optimized use or reallocation
of available resources and prevention of elimination of redundant facilities
and/or and overlapping functions among the Service component commands. Also
called DAFL. (JP 1) See ADRP 4-0.
disarmament (Army) The collection, documentation,
control, and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives, and light and
heavy weapons of former combatants, belligerents, and the local populace. (FM
3-07)
disengage A tactical mission task where a
commander has his unit break contact with the enemy to allow the conduct of
another mission or to avoid decisive engagement. (FM 3-90-1) See also decisive
engagement; tactical mission task.
disengagement line A phase line located on
identifiable terrain that, when crossed by the enemy, signals to defending
elements that it is time to displace to their next position. (ADRP 3-90) See
also phase line.
dislocated civilian (DOD) A broad term primarily
used by the Department of Defense that includes displaced person, and evacuee,
an internally displaced person, a migrant, a refugee, or a stateless person.
Also called DC. (JP 3-29) See FM 3-57.
dismounted march Movement of troops and equipment
mainly by foot, with limited support by vehicles. Also called foot march.
displaced person (DOD) A broad term used to
refer to internally and externally displaced persons collectively. (JP 3-29)
See FM 3-57.
disrupt 1. A tactical mission task in which a
commander integrates direct and indirect fires, terrain, and obstacles to upset
an enemys formation or tempo, interrupt his timetable, or cause enemy forces
to commit prematurely or attack in piecemeal fashion. (FM 3-90-1) 2. An
obstacle effect that focuses fire planning and obstacle effort to cause the
enemy to break up his formation and tempo, interrupt his timetable, commit breaching
assets prematurely, and attack in a piecemeal effort. (FM 90-7)
distribution management The function of synchronizing
and coordinating a complex of networks (physical, communications, information,
and resources) and the sustainment functions (logistics, personnel services,
and health service support) to achieve responsive support to operational
requirements. (ADRP 1-02)
division An Army echelon of command above brigade and
below corps. It is a tactical headquarters which employs a combination of brigade
combat teams, multifunctional brigades, and functional brigades in land
operations. (ADRP 3-90)
doctrine (DOD) Fundamental principles by which
the military forces or elements thereof guide their actions in support of
national objectives. It is authoritative but requires judgment in
application, (JP 1-02) See ADP 1-02.
double envelopment This results from simultaneous
maneuvering around both flanks of a designated enemy force. (FM 3-90-1)
drop zone (DOD) A specific area upon which airborne
troops, equipment, or supplies are airdropped. Also called DZ. (JP 3-17)
dynamic target Any target that is identified too late
or not selected for action during the deliberate targeting process. (ATP
3-60.1)
dynamic targeting (DOD) Targeting that
prosecutes targets identified too late, or not selected for action in time to
be included in deliberate targeting. (JP 3-60) See ATP 3-60.1.
E
early-entry command post A lead element of a
headquarters designed to control operations until the remaining portions of the
headquarters are deployed and operational. (ATTP 5-0.1) See also command post;
main command post; tactical command post.
echelon Separate level of command. (ADRP 1-02)
echelon formation A unit formation with subordinate
elements arranged on an angle to the left or to the right of the direction of
attack (echelon left, echelon right). This formation provides for firepower
forward and to the flank of the direction of the echelon. It facilitates
control in open areas. It provides minimal security to the opposite flank of
the direction of the echeloning. (ADRP 3-90, FM 3-90-1) See also box formation.
echelons above corps Army headquarters and
organizations that provide the interface between the theater commander (joint
or multinational) and the corps for operational matters. Also called EAC. (ADRP
1-02)
economy Providing sustainment resources in an
efficient manner to enable a commander to employ all assets to achieve the
greatest effect possible. (ADP 4-0)
effect (DOD) 1. The physical or behavioral state of a
system that results from an action, a set of actions, or another effect. 2. The
result, outcome, or consequence of an action. 3. A change to a condition,
behavior, or degree of freedom. (JP 3-0) See ATP 3-09.24 and
emergency management A subset of incident management
and concerns the coordination and integration of activities that are necessary
to build, sustain, and improve the capability to prepare for, protect against,
respond, recover from, or mitigate threatened or actual natural disaster, acts
of terrorism, or other manmade disasters. (FM 3-11)
emergency support functions (DOD) A grouping of
government and certain private-sector capabilities into an organizational
structure to provide the support, resources, program implementation, and
services that are most likely to be needed to save lives, protect property and
the environment, restore essential services and critical infrastructure, and
help victims and communities return to normal, when feasible, following
domestic incidents. Also called ESFs. (JP 3-28) See ATP 3-28.
emerging target Detection that meets sufficient
criteria to be developed as a potential target using dynamic targeting. The
criticality and time sensitive of an emerging target, and its probability of
being a potential target, is initially undetermined. (ATP 3-60.1)
employ fires (DOD) The use available weapons and other
systems to create a specific lethal or nonlethal effect on a target.
(JP 3-0) See ADRP 3-09.
encirclement operations Operations where one force
loses its freedom of maneuver because an opposing force is able to isolate it
by controlling all ground lines of communications and reinforcement. (ADRP
3-90)
encircling force In pursuit operations, the force
which maneuvers to the rear or flank of the enemy to block his escape so that
the enemy can be destroyed between the direct pressure force and encircling
force. This force advances or flies along routes parallel to the enemys line
of retreat. If the encircling force cannot outdistance the enemy to cut the
enemy off, the encircling force may also attack the flank of a retreating
enemy. (FM 3 90-1) See also block; destroy; direct pressure force; envelopment.
end state (DOD) The set of required conditions that
defines achievement of the commander's objectives. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-07.
enemy A party identified as hostile against which the
use of force is authorized. (ADRP 3-0)
enemy combatant (DOD) In general, a person engaged in
hostilities against the United States or its coalition partners during an armed
conflict. Also called EC. (DODD 2310.01E) See FM 1-04.
engagement (DOD) 1. In air defense, and attack with
guns or air-to-air missiles by an interceptor aircraft, or the launch of an air
defense missile by air defense artillery and the missiles subsequent travel to
intercept. (JP 3-01) See FM 3-07. 2. A tactical conflict, usually between
opposing, lower echelon maneuver forces. (JP 3-0) See ADP 3-90, ADRP 3-90, FM
3-07, and ATP 3-20.15.
engagement area An area where the commander intends to
contain and destroy an enemy force with the massed effects of all available
weapons and supporting systems. Also called EA. (FM 3-90-1) See also contain;
destroy.
engagement criteria Protocols that specify those
circumstances for initiating engagement with an enemy force. (FM 3-90-1) See
also decision point; engagement; engagement area.
engagement priority Specifies the order in which the
unit engages enemy systems or functions. (FM 3-90-1)
engineer regulating point Checkpoint to ensure that
vehicles do not exceed the capacity of the crossing means and to give drivers
final instructions on site specific procedures and information, such as speed
and vehicle interval. Also called ERP. (ATTP 3-90.4)
envelopment A form of maneuver in which an attacking
force seeks to avoid the principal enemy defenses by seizing objectives behind
those defenses that allow the targeted enemy force to be destroyed in their
current positions. (ADP 3-90)
esoteric communications Public statements whose
surface meaning (manifest content) does not reveal the real purpose, meaning,
or significance (latent content) of the author. (ATP 2-22.9)
essential element of friendly information (Army) A
critical aspect of a friendly operation that, if known by the enemy, would
subsequently compromise, lead to failure, or limit success of the operation and
therefore should be protected from enemy detection.
essential personnel services Essential personnel
services include customer service, awards and decorations, evaluation reports,
promotions and reductions, transfers and discharges, officer procurement,
leaves and passes, military pay, personnel action request, line of duty
investigations, AR 15-6 investigations, suspension of favorable actions and
bars to reenlistment, citizenship and naturalization, congressional inquiries,
and common access card and identification tags. (ATP 1-0.2)
essential task (Army) A specified or implied task that
must be executed to accomplish the mission. (ATTP 5-0.1) See also implied task;
specified task.
evaluating Using criteria to judge progress toward
desired conditions and determining why the current degree of progress exists.
evasion plan of action (DOD) A course of action,
developed prior to executing a combat mission, that is intended to improve a
potential isolated persons chances of successful evasion and recovery by
providing the recovery forces with an addition source of information that can
increase the predictability of the evaders action and movement. Also called
EPA. (JP 3-50) See ATP 3-50.3.
event template (Army) A model against which
threat activity can be recorded and compared. It represents a sequential
projection of events that relate to space and time on the battlefield and
indicate the enemys ability to adopt a particular course of action. The event
template is a guide for collection and reconnaissance and surveillance planning.
(FM 2-01.3) See also area of interest; decision support template; named area of
interest; situation template.
execution Putting a plan into action by applying
combat power to accomplish the mission. (ADP 5-0) See also adjustment decision;
combat power; execution decision; situational understanding.
execution matrix A visual and sequential
representation of the critical tasks and responsible organizations by time.
(ADRP 5-0)
exfiltrate A tactical mission task where a commander
removes Soldiers or units from areas under enemy control by stealth, deception,
surprise, or clandestine means. (FM 3-90-1)
exploitation (Army) An offensive task that usually
follows a successful attack and is designed to disorganize the enemy in depth.
exterior lines Lines on which a force operates when
its operations converge on the enemy. (ADRP 3-0)
F
farside
objective A defined location on the far side of an obstacle that an
assaulting force seizes to eliminate enemy direct fires and observed indirect
fires onto a reduction area or a crossing site to prevent the enemy from
interfering with the reduction of the obstacle and allow follow on forces to
move securely through the created lanes. It can be oriented on the terrain or
on an enemy force. (ATTP 3-90.4)
feint (DOD) In military deception, an offensive action
involving contact with the adversary conducted for the purpose of deceiving the
adversary as to the location and/or time of the actual main offensive action.
(JP 3-13.4) See FM 3-90-1.
field artillery The equipment, supplies, ammunition,
and personnel involved in the use of indirect fire cannon, rocket, or
surface-to-surface missile launchers. (ADRP 3-09)
field confirmatory identification The employment of
technologies with increased specificity and sensitivity by technical forces in
a field environment to identify chemical, biological, radiological, and/or
nuclear hazard with a moderate level of confidence and degree of certainty
necessary to support follow-on tactical decisions. (ATP 3-11.37)
field of fire The area that a weapon or group of
weapons may cover effectively from a given position. (FM 3-90-1)
field services Includes aerial delivery, clothing and
light-textile repair, food service, shower and laundry, mortuary affairs, and
water purification. These services enhance unit effectiveness and mission
success by providing for Soldier basic needs. (ADRP 4-0)
final coordination line A phase line close to the
enemy position used to coordinate the lifting or shifting of supporting fires
with the final deployment of maneuver elements. Also called FCL. (ADRP 3-90)
See also assault; assault echelon; phase line.
final protective fire (DOD) An immediately available
prearranged barrier of fire designed to impede enemy movement across defensive
lines or areas. (JP 1-02) See ADRP 3-90 and FM 3-09-1.
final protective line A line of fire selected where an
enemy assault is to be checked by interlocking fire from all available weapons
and obstacles. Also called FPL. (ADRP 1-02) See also field of fire; final
protective fire.
finance operations The execution of the joint
financial management mission to provide financial advice and guidance, support
the procurement process, provide pay support, and provide banking and
disbursing support. (FM 1-06)
financial management The sustainment of U.S. Army,
joint, interagency, interdepartmental, and multinational operations through the
execution of two mutually supporting core functions, resource management and
finance operations. These two functions are comprised of the following core
competencies: fund the force, banking and disbursing support, pay support,
accounting support and cost management, financial management planning and
operations, and management internal controls. (FM 1-06)
fire and movement The concept of applying fires from
all sources to suppress, neutralize, or destroy the enemy, and the tactical
movement of combat forces in relation to the enemy (as components of maneuver,
applicable at all echelons). At the squad level, it entails a team placing
suppressive fire on the enemy as another team moves against or around the
enemy. (FM 3-90.6) See also bounding overwatch; destroy; maneuver; neutralize;
support by fire; suppress.
fire plan A tactical plan for using the weapons of a
unit or formation so that their fires will be coordinated. (ATP 3-09.24)
fire strike The massed, synchronized, and nearly
simultaneous delivery of primarily terminally guided indirect fire and area
munitions.
fire superiority That degree of dominance in the fires
of one force over another that permits that force to conduct maneuver at a
given time and place without prohibitive interference by the enemy. (FM 3-90-1)
See also maneuver.
fire support (DOD) The fires that directly support
land, maritime, amphibious, and special operations forces to engage enemy
forces, combat formations, and facilities in pursuit of tactical and
operational objectives. (JP 3-09) See ADP 3-09, ADRP 3-09, ATP 3-06.1 and
fire support coordination (DOD) The planning and
executing of fire so that targets are adequately covered by a suitable weapon
or group of weapons. (JP 3-09) See ADRP 3-09 and ATP 3-09.24.
fire support coordination line (DOD) fire support
coordination measure that is established and adjusted by appropriate land or
amphibious force commanders within their boundaries in consultation with
superior, subordinate, supporting, and affected commanders. Fire support
coordination lines facilitate the expeditious attack of surface targets of
opportunity beyond the coordinating measure. A fire support coordination line
does not divide an area of operations by defining a boundary between close and
deep operations or a zone for close air support. The fire support coordination
line applies to all fires of air, land, and sea based weapon systems using any
type of ammunition. Forces attacking targets beyond a fire support coordination
line must inform all affected commanders in sufficient time to allow necessary
reaction to avoid fratricide. Supporting elements attacking targets beyond the
fire support coordination line must ensure that the attack will not produce
adverse effects on, or to the rear of, the line. Short of a fire support coordination
line, all air to ground and surface to surface attack operations are controlled
by the appropriate land or amphibious force commander. The fire support
coordination line should follow well defined terrain features. Coordination of
attacks beyond the fire support coordination line is especially critical to
commanders of air, land, and special operations forces. In exceptional
circumstances, the inability to conduct this coordination will not preclude the
attack of targets beyond the fire support coordination line. However, failure
to do so may increase the risk of fratricide and could waste limited resources.
Also called FSCL. (JP 3-09) See FM 3-09-1.
fire support coordination measure (DOD) A measure
employed by commanders to facilitate the rapid engagement of targets and
simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly forces. Also called FSCM. See
ATP 3-09.24.
fire support coordination (DOD) The planning and
executing of fires so that targets are adequately covered by a suitable weapon
or group of weapons. (JP 3-09) See ADP 3-09
fire support coordinator The brigade combat
teams organic field artillery battalion commander; if a fires brigade is
designated as the division force field artillery headquarters, the fires
brigade commander is the divisions fire support coordinator and is assisted by
the chief of fires who then serves as the deputy fire support coordinator
during the period the force field artillery headquarters is in effect. (ADRP
3-09) See also fire support.
fire support officer (Army) The field artillery
officer from the operational to tactical level responsible for advising the
supported commander or assisting the senior fires officer of the organization
on fires functions and fire support. (ADRP 3-09)
fire support team A field artillery team organic to
each maneuver battalion and selected units to plan and coordinate all available
company supporting fires, including mortars, field artillery, naval surface
fire support, and close air support integration. (ADRP 3-09)
fire team A small military unit. (ADRP 3-90)
fires (DOD) The use of weapons systems to create a
specific lethal or nonlethal effect on a target. (JP 3-0) See ADP 3-09 and
fires warfighting function The related tasks and
systems that provide collective and coordinated use of Army indirect fires, air
and missile defense, and joint fires through the targeting process. (ADRP 3-0)
fix A tactical mission task where a commander prevents
the enemy from moving any part of his force from a specific location for a
specific period. Fix is also an obstacle effect that focuses fire planning and
obstacle effort to slow an attackers movement within a specified area,
normally an engagement area. (FM 3-90-1) See also block; contain; disrupt;
support by fire; tactical mission task; turn.
flank The right or left limit of a unit. (ADRP 3-90)
flank attack A form of offensive maneuver directed at
the flank of an enemy. (FM 3-90-1)
flanking position A geographical location on the flank
of the force from which effective fires can be placed on that flank. (ADRP
3-90)
follow and assume A tactical mission task in which a
second committed force follows a force conducting an offensive task and is
prepared to continue the mission if the lead force is fixed, attrited, or unable to continue. (FM 3-90-1) See also
attack; fix; follow and support; offensive operations; tactical mission task.
follow and support A tactical mission task in which a
committed force follows and supports a lead force conducting an offensive task.
follow on echelon Those additional forces moved into
the objective area after the assault echelon. (ADRP 1-02) See also air assault
operation; assault echelon.
force field artillery headquarters If designated by
the supported commander, is normally the senior field artillery headquarters
organic, assigned, attached, or placed under the operational control of that
command. The supported commander specifies the commensurate responsibilities of
the force field artillery headquarters and the duration of those
responsibilities. (ADRP 3-09)
force health protection (DOD) 1. Measures to promote,
improve, or conserve the behavioral and physical well-being of Service members
to enable a healthy and fir force, prevent injury and illness, and protect the
force from health hazards. Also called FHP. (JP 4-02) See ATTP 4-02
and ATP 4-02.84. (Army) 2. Encompasses measures to promote, improve, conserve
or restore the mental or physical well being of
Soldiers. These measures enable a healthy and fit force, prevent injury and
illness, and protect the force from health hazards. These measures also include
the prevention aspects of a number of Army Medical Department functions
(preventive medicine, including medical surveillance and occupational and
environmental health surveillance; veterinary services, including the food
inspection and animal care missions, and the prevention of zoonotic disease
transmissible to man; combat and operational stress control; dental services
(preventive dentistry); and laboratory services [area medical laboratory
support]. (ATTP 4-02)
force projection (DOD) The ability to project
the military instrument of national power from the United States or another
theater, in response to requirements for military operations. (JP 3-0) See ADP
4-0.
force protection (DOD) Preventive measures taken
to mitigate hostile actions against Department of Defense personnel (to include
family members), resources, facilities, and critical information. (JP 3-0) See
ADRP 3-7.
force tailoring The process of determining the right
mix of forces and the sequence of their deployment in support of a joint force
commander. (ADRP 3-0)
ford A shallow part of a body of water or wet gap that
can be crossed without bridging, boats, ferries, or rafts. It is a location in
a water barrier where the physical characteristics of current, bottom, and
approaches permit the passage of personnel, vehicles, and other equipment where
the wheels or tracks remain in contact with the bottom at all times. (ATTP
3-90.4) See also gap.
foreign disaster relief (DOD) Prompt aid that can be
used to alleviate the suffering of foreign disaster victims. Normally, it
includes humanitarian services and transportation; provision of food, clothing,
medicine, beds, and bedding; temporary shelter and housing; the furnishing of
medical materiel and medical and technical personnel; and making repairs to
essential services. (JP 3-29) See ATP 3-57.20.
foreign humanitarian assistance (DOD) Department of
Defense activities, normally in support of the United States Agency for
International Development of Department of State, conducted outside the United
States, its territories, and possessions to relieve or reduce human suffering,
disease, hunger, or privation. Also called FHA. (JP 3-29) See FM 3-57, ATP
3-07.5, ATP 1-06.2, and ATP 3-57.20.
foreign internal defense (DOD) Participation by
civilian and military agencies of a government in any of the action programs
taken by another government or other designated organization to free and
protect its society from subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and
other threats to its security. Also called FID. (JP 3-22) See ADP 3-05,
ADRP 3-05, ADRP 3-07, FM 3-57, and ATP 3-57.20.
foreign security forces Forces, including, but not
limited to military, paramilitary, police, and intelligence forces; border
police, coast guard, and customs officials; and prison guards and correctional
personnel, that provide security for a host nation and its relevant population
or support a regional security organizations mission. (FM 3-22)
forms of maneuver Distinct tactical combinations of
fire and movement with a unique set of doctrinal characteristics that differ
primarily in the relationship between the maneuvering force and the enemy.
(ADRP 3-90)
forward boundary A boundary of an echelon that is
primarily designated to divide responsibilities between it and its next higher
echelon (FM 3-90-1)
forward edge of the battle area (DOD) The foremost
limits of a series of areas in which ground combat units are deployed,
excluding the areas in which the covering or screening forces are operating,
designated to coordinate fire support, the positioning of forces, or the
maneuver of units. Also called FEBA. (JP 3-09.3) See ADRP 3-90 and FM
3-90-1.
forward line of own troops (DOD) A line that indicates
the most forward positions of friendly forces in any kind of military operation
at a specific time. Also called FLOT. (JP 3-03) See FM 3-90-1.
forward-looking infrared (DOD) An airborne,
electro-optical thermal imaging device that detects far-infrared energy,
converts the energy into an electronic signal, and provides a visible image for
day or night viewing. Also called FLIR. (JP 3-09.3) See ATP 3-06.1.
forward passage of lines Occurs when a unit passes
through another units positions while moving toward the enemy. (ADRP 3-90) See
also passage of lines; rearward passage of lines.
fratricide The unintentional killing or wounding of
friendly or neutral personnel by friendly firepower. (ADRP 3-37)
fragmentary order (DOD) An abbreviated form of an
operation order issued as needed after an operation order to change or modify
that order or to execute a branch or sequel to that order. Also called FRAGORD.
(JP 5-0) See ATTP 5-0.1.
free-fire area (DOD) A specific area into which
any weapon system may fire without additional coordination with the
establishing headquarters. Also called FFA. (JP 3-09) See FM 3-90-1.
friendly (DOD) A contact positively identified
as friendly. (JP 3-01) See ADRP 3-37.
friendly force information requirement (DOD)
Information the commander and staff need to understand to understand the status
of friendly and supporting capabilities. Also called FFIR. (JP 3-0) See ADRP
5-0.
frontal attack A form of maneuver in which the
attacking force seeks to destroy a weaker enemy force or fix a larger enemy
force in place over a broad front. (FM 3-90-1)
fusion Consolidating, combining, and correlating
information together. (ADRP 2-0)
G
gap (Army) 1. An area free of armed mines or obstacles
whose width and direction allow a friendly force to pass through the area containing
obstacles while dispersed in a tactical formation. (ADRP 1 02) 2. Any break or
breach in the continuity of tactical dispositions or formations beyond
effective small arms coverage. Gaps (soft spots, weaknesses) may in fact be
physical gaps in the enemys disposition, but they also may be any weakness in
time, space, or capability; a moment in time when the enemy is overexposed and
vulnerable, a seam in an air defense umbrella, an infantry unit caught
unprepared in open terrain, or a boundary between two units. 3. A ravine,
mountain pass, river, or other terrain feature that presents an obstacle that
may be bridged. (ATTP 3-90.4) See also lane.
gap crossing The projection of combat power across a
linear obstacle (wet or dry gap). (ATTP 3-90.4)
gap-crossing operation A mobility operation consisting
of river crossing, brigade level crossing, and special gap crossing operations
conducted to project combat power across a linear obstacle (wet or dry gap).
(ATTP 3-90.4)
general engineering (Army) The engineer discipline
that is focused on affecting terrain while not in close support to maneuver
forces that are in close combat. (FM 3-34)
general support (DOD) That support which is given to
the supported force as a whole and not to any particular subdivision thereof.
general supportreinforcing (Army) A support
relationship assigned to a unit to support the force as a whole and to
reinforce another similar type unit. (ADRP 5-0)
generating force Those Army organizations whose
primary mission is to generate and sustain the operational Armys capabilities
for employment by joint commanders. (ADP 1)
geospatial engineering The engineer discipline that is
focused on applying geospatial information to improve understanding of terrain
for military operations. (FM 3-34)
geospatial information (Army) Foundation information
upon which all other information about the physical environment is referenced
to form the common operational picture. (ATTP 3-34.80) See also common
operational picture.
geospatial intelligence (DOD) The exploitation and
analysis of imagery and geospatial information to describe, assess, and
visually depict physical features and geographically referenced activities on
the Earth. Geospatial intelligence consists of imagery, imagery intelligence,
and geospatial information. Also called GEOINT. (JP 2-03) See ADRP 2-0
and ATP 3-60.1.
global ballistic missile defense (DOD) Defense against
ballistic missile threats that cross one or more geographical combatant command
boundaries and requires synchronization among the affected combatant commands.
Also called GBMD. (JP 3-01)
global engagement manager Provides automated tools and
decision aids that enable commanders to exercise mission command of ballistic
missile defense forces deployed within the combatant command area of
responsibility. (ATP 3-27.5)
governance (DOD) The state's ability to serve the
citizens through the rules, processes, and behavior by which interests are
articulated, resources are managed, and power is exercised in a society,
including the representative participatory decision making processes typically
guaranteed under inclusive, constitutional authority. (JP 3-24) See FM
3-07.
ground-based midcourse defense (DOD) A surface-to-air
ballistic missile defense system for exo-atmospheric
midcourse phase interception of long-range ballistic missiles using the
ground-based interceptors. Also called GMD. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-27.5.
graphic control measure A symbol used on maps and
displays to regulate forces and warfighting functions. (ADRP 6-0)
guard (Army) A security task to protect the main force
by fighting to gain time while also observing and reporting information and
preventing enemy ground observation of and direct fire against the main body.
Units conducting a guard mission cannot operate independently because they rely
upon fires and functional and multifunctional support assets of the main body.
(ADRP 3-90)
guerrilla force (DOD) A group of irregular,
predominantly indigenous personnel organized along military lines to conduct
military and paramilitary operations in enemy-held, hostile, or denied
territory. (JP 3-05) See ADRP 3-05.
gun-target line (DOD) An imaginary straight line from
gun to target. Also called GTL. (JP 1-02) See FM 6-30.
H
hasty crossing The crossing of an inland water
obstacle or other gap using the crossing means at hand or those readily
available, and made without pausing for elaborate preparations. (ATTP 3-90.4)
hasty operation An operation in which a commander
directs immediately available forces, using fragmentary orders, to perform
activities with minimal preparation, trading planning and preparation time for
speed of execution. (ADRP 3-90) See also fragmentary order.
hazard (DOD) A condition with the potential to cause
injury, illness, or death of personnel; damage to or loss of equipment or
property; or mission degradation. (JP 3-33) See ADRP 3-37.
health service support (DOD) All services performed,
provided, or arranged to promote, improve, conserve, or restore the mental or
physical wellbeing of personnel, which include, but are not limited to, the
management of health services resources, such as manpower, monies, and
facilities; preventive and curative health measures; evacuation of wounded,
injured, or sick; selection of the medically fit and disposition of the
medically unfit; blood management; medical supply, equipment, and maintenance
thereof; combat and operational stress control; medical, dental, veterinary,
laboratory, optometric, nutrition therapy, and medical intelligence services.
Also called HSS. (JP 4-02) See ATTP 4-02 and ATP 4-02.84. (Army)
Health service support encompasses all support and services performed, provided,
and arranged by the Army Medical Department to promote, improve, conserve, or
restore the mental and physical well being of
personnel in the Army. Additionally, as directed, provide support in other
Services, agencies, and organizations. This includes casualty care (encompassing
a number of Army Medical Department functionsorganic and area medical support,
hospitalization, the treatment aspects of dental care and
behavioral/neuropsychiatric treatment, clinical laboratory services, and
treatment of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear patients), medical
evacuation, and medical logistics. (ATTP 4-02)
high payoff target (DOD) A target whose loss to the
enemy will significantly contribute to the success of the friendly course of
action. High payoff targets are those high value targets that must be acquired
and successfully attacked for the success of the friendly commanders mission.
Also called HPT. (JP 3-60) See FM 3-60, ATP 3-09.24, and ATP 3-60.1.
high-risk personnel (DOD) Personnel who, by
their grade, assignment, symbolic value, or relative isolation, are likely to
be attractive or accessible terrorist targets. Also called HRP. (JP
3-07.2) See ADRP 3-37.
high-value airborne asset protection (DOD) A
defensive counterair mission using fighter escorts that defend airborne
national assets which as so important that the loss of even one could seriously
impact United States warfighting capabilities or provide the enemy with
significant propaganda value. Also called HVAA protection. (JP 3-01) See
ATP 3-55.6.
high value individual A high value individual is a
person of interest (friendly, adversary, or enemy) who must be identified,
surveilled, tracked and influenced through the use of information or fires. A
high value individual may become a high payoff target that must be acquired and
successfully attacked (exploited, captured, or killed) for the success of the
friendly commanders mission. (FM 3-09)
high value target (DOD) A target the enemy commander
requires for the successful completion of the mission. The loss of high value
targets would be expected to seriously degrade important enemy functions
throughout the friendly commanders area of interest. Also called HVT. (JP
3-60) See FM 2-01.3, FM 3-60, ATP 3-09.24, and ATP 3-60.1.
holding area A waiting area that forces use during
traffic interruptions or deployment from an aerial or seaport of embarkation.
(FM 3-39)
homeland (DOD) The physical region that includes the
continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, United States possessions and
territories, surrounding waters and air space. (JP 3-28) See ADP 3-28.
homeland defense (DOD) The protection of United States
sovereignty, territory, domestic population, and critical defense
infrastructure against external threats and aggression or other threats as
directed by the President. (JP 3-27) See ADRP 3-0.
hostile criteria Description of conditions under which
an aircraft or a vehicle may be identified as hostile for engagement purposes.
host nation (DOD) A nation which receives the forces
and/or supplies of allied nation and/or NATO organizations to be located on,
operate in, or to transit through its territory. Also called HN. (JP 3-57) See
ATP 3-57.20 and FM 3-57.
host nation support (DOD) Civil and/or military
assistance rendered by a nation to foreign forces within its territory during
peacetime, crisis or emergencies, or war based agreements mutually concluded
between nations. Also called HNS. (JP 3-57) See FM 3-57.
human intelligence (Army) The collection by a trained
human intelligence collector of foreign information from people and multimedia
to identify elements, intentions, composition, strength, dispositions, tactics,
equipment, and capabilities. Also called HUMINT. (FM 2-22.3) See also
intelligence.
humanitarian and civic assistance (DOD) Assistance to
the local populace provided by predominantly US Forces in conjunction with
military operations and exercises. This Assistance is specifically authorized
by Title 10, United States Code, Section 401, and funded under separate
authorities. Also called HCA. (JP 3-29) See ATP 3-57.20 and FM 3-57.
humanitarian assistance coordination center (DOD) A
temporary center established by a geographic combatant commander to assist with
interagency coordination and planning. A humanitarian assistance coordination
center operates during the early planning and coordination stages of foreign
humanitarian assistance operations by providing the link between the geographic
combatant commander and other United States Government agencies,
nongovernmental organizations, and international and regional organizations at
the strategic level. Also called HACC. (JP 3-29) See FM 3-57.
human resources services Includes the key functions of
essential personnel services, casualty operations, and postal operations.
Human resources services function directly impact a Soldiers status
assignment, qualifications, financial status, career progression, and quality
of life which allow the Army leadership to effectively manage the force. (ATP
1-0.2)
human resources support The functions and tasks
executed within the Army Personnel Life Cycle Model (acquired, develop,
distribute, structure, deploy, compensate, transition, and sustain) provides
human resources services and support to Soldiers, their families, Department of
Defense civilians, and other individuals authorized to accompany the force.
Key factions include Man the Force, provide human resources services,
coordinate personnel support, and conduct human resources planning and
operations. (ATP 1-0.2)
hybrid threat The diverse and dynamic combination of
regular forces, irregular forces, terrorist forces, and/or criminal elements
unified to achieve mutually benefitting effects. (ADRP 3-0)
I
imagery (DOD) A likeness or presentation of any
natural or man-made feature or related object or activity, and the positional
data acquired at the same time the likeness or presentation was acquired,
including: product produced by space-based national intelligence reconnaissance
systems; and likeness and presentations produced by satellites, airborne
platforms, unmanned aerial vehicles, or other similar means (except that such
term does not include handheld or clandestine photography taken by or on behalf
of human intelligence collection organizations). (JP 2-03) See ATP 3-55.6 and
ATP 3-55.12.
imagery exploitation (DOD) The cycle of processing,
using, interpreting, mensuration and/or manipulating imagery, and any assembly
or consolidation of the results of dissemination. (JP 2-03) See ATP
3-55.6.
immediate response authority (DOD) A Federal military
commanders, Department of Defense component heads, and/or responsible
Department of Defense civilian officials authority temporarily to employ
resources under their control, subject to any supplemental direction provided
by higher headquarters, and provide those resources to save lives, prevent
human suffering, or mitigate great property damage in response to a request for
assistance from civil authority, under imminently serious conditions when time
does not permit approval from a higher authority within the United States.
Immediate response authority does not permit actions that would subject
civilians to the use of military power that is regulatory, prescriptive,
proscriptive, of compulsory. (DODD 3025.18) See ADP 3-28 and ATP 3-28.1.
improvisation The ability to adapt sustainment
operations to unexpected situations or circumstances affecting a mission. (ADP
4-0)
implied task (Army) A task that must be performed to
accomplish a specified task or mission but is not stated in the higher
headquarters order. (ATTP 5-0.1) See also essential task; specified task.
incident (DOD) An occurrence, caused by either human
action or natural phenomena, that requires action to prevent or minimize loss
of life or damage to property and/or natural resources. (JP 3-28) See ADP 3-28
and ATP 3-28.1.
incident command system (DOD) A standard on-scene
emergency management construct designed to aid in the management of resources
during incidents. Consists of facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures, and
communications established for this purpose. Also called ICS. (JP 3-28) See ATP
3-28.1.
incident management (DOD) A national comprehensive
approach to preventing, preparing for, responding to, and recovering from
terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies. Incident management
includes measures and activities preformed at the local, state, and national
levels and includes both crisis and consequence management activities. (JP
3-28) See ADP 3-28 and ATP 3-28.1.
indicator (Army) In the context of assessment, an Item
of information that provides insight into a measure of effectiveness or measure
of performance. (ADRP 5-0) See also intelligence.
indigenous populations and institutions The civilian
construct of an area of operations, to include its population (legal citizens,
legal and illegal immigrants, and all categories of dislocated civilians),
governmental, tribal, commercial, and private organizations and entities. Also
called IPI (FM 3-57)
indirect approach The manner in which a commander
attacks the enemys center of gravity by applying combat power against a series
of decisive points while avoiding enemy strength. (ADRP 3-90)
individual initiative The willingness to act in the
absence of orders, when existing orders no longer fit the situation, or when
unforeseen opportunities or threats arise. (ADRP 3-0)
individual protective equipment (DOD) In chemical,
biological, radiological, or nuclear operations, the personal clothing and
equipment required to protect an individual from chemical, biological, and
radiological hazards. Also called IPE. (JP 3-11) See ATP 4-02.84.
infiltration (Army) A form of maneuver in which an
attacking force conducts undetected movement through or into an area occupied
by enemy forces to occupy a position of advantage in the enemy rear while
exposing only small elements to enemy defensive fires.
infiltration lane A control measure that coordinates
forward and lateral movement of infiltrating units and fixes fire planning
responsibilities. (FM 3-90-1) See also infiltration.
inform and influence activities The integration of
designated information related capabilities in order to synchronize themes,
messages and actions with operations to inform United States and global
audiences, influence foreign audiences, and affect adversary and enemy decisionmaking. (ADRP 3-0)
information The meaning that a human assigns to data
by means of the known conventions used in their representation. (ADRP 1-02)
information collection An activity that synchronizes
and integrates the planning and employment of sensors and assets as well as the
processing, exploitation, and dissemination systems in direct support of
current and future operations. (FM 3-55)
information environment (DOD) The aggregate of
individuals, organizations, and systems that collect, process, disseminate, or
act on information. (JP 3-13) See FM 3-13.
information fratricide The result of employing
information-related capabilities in a way that causes effects in the
information environment that impede the conduct of friendly operations or
adversely affect friendly forces. (FM 3-13)
information management (Army) The science of using
procedures and information systems to collect, process, store, display,
disseminate, and protect data, information, and knowledge products. (ADRP 6-0)
See also situational understanding.
information operations (DOD) The integrated
employment, during military operations, of information-related capabilities in
concert with other lines of operation to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp
the decision-making of adversaries and potential adversaries while protecting our
own. Also called IO. (JP 3-13) See ATP 3-55.12.
information protection Active or passive measures used
to safeguard and defend friendly information and information systems.
information-related capabilities Capabilities,
techniques, or activities employing information to affect any of the three
dimensions within the information environment to generate ends. (FM 3-13)
information superiority (DOD) The operational
advantage derived from the ability to collect, process, and disseminate an
uninterrupted flow of information while exploiting or denying an adversarys
ability to do the same. (JP 3-13) See FM 3-57.
information system (Army) Equipment that collects,
processes, stores, displays, and disseminates information. This includes
infrastructure The basic underlying framework or
feature of a thing: in economics, basic resources, communications, industries,
and so forth, upon which others depend; in insurgency, the organization
(usually hidden) of insurgent leadership. (FM 2-01.3)
initial response force (Army) A unit designated by the
commander to respond to threat attacks or emergency situations. The initial
response force is typically task organized for the specific threat or incident
to which it is tasked to respond and may include military police; firefighters;
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear personnel; and medical
personnel. (FM 3-39)
institutional training domain The Armys institutional
training and education system, which primarily includes training base centers
and schools that provide initial training and subsequent professional military
education for Soldiers, military leaders, and Army civilians.
insurgency (DOD) The organized use of subversion and
violence by a group or movement that seeks to overthrow or force change of a
governing authority. Insurgency can also refer to the group itself. (JP 3-24)
See ADRP 3-05, FM 3-07, and FM 3-57.
integrated air and missile defense (DOD) The
integration of capabilities and overlapping operations to defend the homeland
and United States national interests, protect the joint force, and enable
freedom of action by negating an adversarys ability to create adverse effects
from their air and missile capabilities. Also called IAMD. (JP 3-01) See
ATP 3-27.5.
integration (Army) Combining all of the elements of
sustainment (task, functions, systems, processes, organizations) to operations
assuring unity of command of effort. (ADP 4-0)
intelligence (DOD) The product resulting from the
collection, processing, integration, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation
of available information concerning foreign nations, hostile or potentially
hostile forces or elements, or areas of actual or potential operations. The
term is also applied to the activity which results in the product and to the
organizations engaged in such activity. (JP 2-0) See ADRP 2-0,
intelligence analysis The process by which collected
information is evaluated and integrated with existing information to facilitate
intelligence production. (ADRP 2-0)
intelligence community (DOD) All departments or
agencies of a government that are concerned with intelligence activity, either
in an oversight, managerial, support, or participatory role. (JP 1-02) See ADRP
2-0.
intelligence operations The tasks and actions
undertaken by military intelligence organizations and Soldiers to obtain
information to satisfy validated requirements. (ADRP 2-0)
intelligence preparation of the battlefield (Army) A
systematic process of analyzing and visualizing the portions of the mission
variables of threat, terrain, weather, and civil considerations in a specific
area of interest and for a specific mission. By applying intelligence
preparation of the battlefield commanders gain the information necessary to
selectively apply and maximize operational effectiveness at critical points in
time and space. Also called IPB. (FM 2-01.3)
intelligence process (DOD) The process by which
information is converted into intelligence and made available to users,
consisting of the six interrelated intelligence operations: planning and
direction, collection, processing and exploitation, analysis and production,
dissemination and integration, and evaluation and feedback. (JP 2-01) See ATP
3-55.6.
intelligence reach A process by which intelligence
organizations proactively and rapidly access information from, receive support
from, and conduct direct collaboration and information sharing with other units
and agencies, both within and outside the area of operations, unconstrained by
geographic proximity, echelon, or command. (ADRP 2-0)
intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (DOD)
An activity that synchronizes and integrates the planning and
operation of sensors, assets, and processing, exploitation, and dissemination
systems in direct support of current and future operations. This is an
integrated intelligence and operations function. (JP 2-01) See ADRP 2-0 and ATP
3-55.6.
intelligence synchronization The art of integrating
information collection and intelligence analysis with operations to effectively
and efficiently support decisionmaking. (ADRP 2-0)
intelligence warfighting function The related tasks
and systems that facilitate understanding the enemy, terrain, and civil
considerations. (ADRP 3-0) See also warfighting function.
interagency (DOD) Of or pertaining to United States
Government agencies and departments, including the Department of Defense.
interagency coordination (DOD) Within the context of
Department of Defense involvement, the coordination that occurs between
elements of Department of Defense, and engaged US Government agencies and
departments for the purpose of achieving an objective.
interdict A tactical mission task where the commander
prevents, disrupts, or delays the enemys use of an area or route. (FM 3-90-1)
See also delay; disrupt; tactical mission task.
intergovernmental organization (DOD) An organization
created by a formal agreement between two or more governments on a global,
regional, or functional basis to protect and promote national interests shared
by member states. Also called IGO. (JP 3-08) See ADRP 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-50.1,
and ATP 3-57.20.
interior lines Lines on which a force operates when
its operations diverge from a central point. (ADRP 3-0)
intermediate staging base (DOD) A tailorable,
temporary location used for staging forces, sustainment and/or extraction into
and out of an operational area. Also called ISB. (JP 3-35) See ADRP 3-0.
intermodal operations The process of using multiple
modes (air, sea, highway, rail) and conveyances (i.e. truck, barge, containers,
pallets) to move troops, supplies and equipment through expeditionary entry
points and the networks of specialized transportation nodes to sustain land
forces. (ADRP 4-0)
internment and resettlement operations Conducted by
military police to shelter, sustain, guard, protect, and account for
populations (detainees or dislocated civilians) as a result of military or
civil conflict, natural or man made disaster, or to
facilitate criminal prosecution. Internment involves the detainment of a
population or group that pose some level of threat to military operations.
Resettlement involves the quartering of a population or group for their
protection. These operations inherently control the movement and activities of
their specific population for imperative reasons of security, safety, or intelligence
gathering. (FM 3-39.40)
internal defense and development (DOD) The full range
of measures taken by a nation to promote its growth and to protect itself from
subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and other threats to its
security. Also called IDAD. (JP 3-22) See ADRP 3-07, FM 3-57, and ATP 3-57.20.
internally displaced person (DOD) Any person who has
been forced to obliged to flee or to leave their home or place of habitual
residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of
armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations or human rights
or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an international
recognized state boarder. (JP 3-29) See FM 3-57.
interorganizational coordination (DOD) The interaction
that occurs among elements of the Department of Defense; engaged United States
Government agencies; state, territorial, local, and tribal agencies; foreign
military forces and government agencies; intergovernmental organizations; nongovernmental
organizations; and the private sector. (JP 3-08) See ADRP 3-0.
in-transit visibility (DOD) The ability to track the
identity, status, and location of Department of Defense units, and non-unit
cargo (excluding bulk petroleum, oils, and lubricants) and passengers;
patients, and personal property from origin to consignee or destination across
the range of military operations. Also called ITV. (JP 4-01.2) See ADP 4-0.
irregular warfare (DOD) A violent struggle among state
and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant
population(s). Irregular warfare favors indirect and asymmetric
approaches, though it may employ the full range of military and other
capacities, in order to erode an adversarys power, influences, and will. Also
called IW (JP 1) See ADRP 3-05 and ATP 3-07.5.
isolate A tactical mission task that requires a unit
to seal offboth physically and psychologicallyan enemy from sources of
support, deny the enemy freedom of movement, and prevent the isolated
enemy force from having contact with other enemy forces. (FM 3-90-1) See also
encirclement; tactical mission task.
isolated personnel report (DOD) A Department of
Defense form (DD 1833) containing information designed to facilitate the
identification and authentication of an isolated person by a recovery force.
Also called ISOPREP. (JP 3-50) See ATP 3-50.3.
J
joint fire support (DOD) The joint fires that assist
air, land, maritime, and special operations forces to move, maneuver, and
control territory, populations, airspace, and key waters. (JP 3-0) See ADRP
3-09.
joint fires (DOD) Fires delivered during the
employment of forces from two or more components in coordinated action to
produce desired effects in support of a common objective. (JP 3-0) See ADP 3-09
and ADRP 3-09.
joint fires observer A trained and certified Service
member who can request, adjust, and control surface-to-surface fires, provide
targeting information in support of Type 2 and 3 close air support terminal
attack controls, and perform autonomous terminal guidance operations. (ADRP
1-02) See ADRP 3-09.
joint force special operations component commander
(DOD) The commander within a unified command, subordinate unified command, or
joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for recommending the
proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking
special operations forces and assets; planning and coordinating special
operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. Also
called JFSOCC. (JP 3-05) See ADRP 3-05.
joint personnel recovery center (DOD) The primary
joint force organization responsible for planning and coordination personnel
recovery for military operations within the assigned operational area. Also
called JPRC. (JP 3-50) See FM 3-50.1.
joint special operations air component commander (DOD)
The commander within a force special operations command responsible for
planning and executing joint special operations air activities. Also called
JFSOACC. (JP 3-05) See ADP 3-05.
joint special operations area (DOD) An area of land,
sea, and airspace assigned by a joint force commander to the commander of a
joint special operations force to conduct special operations activities. Also
called JSOA. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 3-05.
joint special operations task force (DOD) A joint task
force composed of special operations units from more than one Service, formed
to carry out a specific special operation or prosecute special operations in
support of a theater campaign or other operations. Also called JSOTF. (JP 3-05)
See ADRP 3-05.
joint task force (DOD) A joint force that is
constituted and so designated by the Secretary of Defense, a combatant
commander, subunified commander, or an existing joint
task force commander. Also called JTF. (JP 1) See FM 3-57.
K
key tasks Those activities the force must perform as a
whole to achieve the desired end state. (ADRP 5-0)
key terrain (DOD) Any locality, or area, the seizure
or retention of which affords a marked advantage to either combatant. (JP
2-01.3) See FM 3-90-1 and FM 2-01.3.
kill box A three dimensional fire support coordination
measure used to facilitate the expeditious air to surface lethal attack of
targets, which may be augmented by or integrated with surface to surface
indirect fires. (FM 3-09.34)
kill zone That part of an ambush site where fire is
concentrated to isolate, fix, and destroy the enemy. See also ambush; destroy;
fix; isolate. (FM 3-90-1)
knowledge Information that has been analyzed to
provide meaning and value or evaluated as to implications for the operation.
knowledge creation The process of developing new
knowledge or combining, restructuring, or repurposing existing knowledge in
response to identified knowledge gaps. (FM 6-01.1)
knowledge management The art of creating, organizing,
applying, and transferring knowledge to facilitate situational understanding,
learning, and decisionmaking. (ADRP 6-0)
key tasks Those activities the force must perform as a
whole to achieve the desired end state. (ADRP 5-0)
key terrain (DOD) Any locality, or area, the seizure
or retention of which affords a marked advantage to either combatant. (JP
2-01.3) See FM 3-90-1 and FM 2-01.3.
--L--
M
main battle area The area where the commander intends
to deploy the bulk of the units combat power and conduct decisive operations
to defeat an attacking enemy. Also called MBA. (ADRP 3-90) See also combat
power; defensive operations; forward edge of the battle area; handover line.
main body The principal part of a tactical command or
formation. It does not include detached elements of the command, such as
advance guards, flank guards, and covering forces. (ADRP 3-90) See also
covering force; flank guard.
main command post A facility containing the majority
of the staff designed to control current operations, conduct detailed analysis,
and plan future operations. (ATTP 5-0.1)
main effort A designated subordinate unit whose
mission at a given point in time is most critical to overall mission success.
(ADRP 3-0)
main supply route (DOD) The route or routes designated
within an operational area upon which the bulk of traffic flows in support of
military operations. Also called MSR. (JP 4-01.5) See FM 4-01.30.
major operation (DOD) 1. A series of tactical actions
(battles, engagements, strikes) conducted by combat forces of a single or
several Services, coordinated in time and place, to achieve strategic or
operational objectives in an operational area. 2. For noncombat operations, a
reference to the relative size and scope of a military operation. (JP 3-0) See
ADRP 3-0 and ATP 3-07.5.
man the force Manning combines anticipation, movement,
and skillful positioning of personnel so that the commander has the personnel
required to accomplish the mission. Manning the force involves human resources
functions of personnel readiness management, personnel accountability, strength
reporting, retention, and personnel information management. Man the force
ensures the right person is in the right positions with the right skills and training
at the right time. (ATP 1-0.2)
maneuver (DOD) 1. A movement to place ships, aircraft,
or land forces in a position of advantage over the enemy. See FM 3-07.
maneuver and mobility support A military police
function conducted to support and preserve the commander's freedom of movement
and enhance the movement of friendly resources in all environments. (FM 3-39)
march column A march column consists of all elements
using the same route for a single movement under control of a single commander.
(FM 3-90-2) See also march serial; march unit.
march serial A major subdivision of a march column
that is organized under one commander who plans, regulates, and controls the
serial. (FM 3-90-2) See also march column; march unit.
march unit A subdivision of a march serial. It moves
and halts under the control of a single commander who uses voice and visual
signals. (FM 3-90-2) See also march column; march serial.
measure of effectiveness (DOD) A criterion used to
assess changes in system behavior, capability, or operational environment that
is tied to measuring the attainment of an end state, achievement of an
objective, or creation of an effect. (JP 3-0) See ADRP 3-07,
measure of performance (DOD) A criterion used to
assess friendly actions that is tied to measuring task accomplishment. (JP 3-0)
See ADRP 5-0, FM 3-57, ATP 3-09.24, and ATP 3-57.20.
media source analysis The systematic comparison of the
content, behavior, patterns, and trends of organic media organizations and
sources of a country. (ATP 2-22.9)
meeting engagement A combat action that occurs when a
moving force, incompletely deployed for battle, engages an enemy at an
unexpected time and place. (FM 3-90-1)
mentorship The voluntary developmental relationship
that exists between a person of greater experience and a person of lesser
experience that is characterized by mutual trust and respect. (AR 600-100)
See ADRP 6-22.
midcourse phase (DOD) That portion of the flight of a
ballistic missile between the boost phase and the terminal phase. (JP 3-01)
military civic action (DOD) The use of preponderantly
indigenous military forces on projects useful to the local population at all
levels in such fields as education, training, public works, agriculture,
transportation, communications, health, sanitation, and others contributing to
economic and social development, which would also serve to improve the standing
or the military forces with the population. (US forces may at times advise or
engage in military civil actions in overseas areas) (JP 3-57) See FM 3-57 and
ATP 3-57.20.
military crest An area on the forward slope of a hill
or ridge from which maximum observation covering the slope down to the base of
the hill or ridge can be obtained. (FM 3-25.26)
military deception (DOD) Actions executed to
deliberately mislead adversary military decision makers as to friendly military
capabilities, intentions, and operations, thereby causing the adversary to take
specific actions (or inactions) that will contribute to the accomplishment of
the friendly mission. Also called MILDEC. (JP 3-13.4) See ADRP 6-0.
military decisionmaking
process An interactive planning methodology to understand the situation and
mission, develop a courses of action, and produce an operation plan or order.
Also called MDMP. (ADP 5-0) See also operation order; operation plan.
military engagement (DOD) Routine contact and
interaction between individuals or elements of the Armed Forces of the United
States and those of another nations armed forces, or foreign and domestic
civilian authorities or agencies to build trust and confidence, share
information, coordinate mutual activities, and maintain influence. (JP 3-0) See
FM 3-07.
military information support operations (DOD) Planned
operations to convey selected information and indicators to foreign audiences
to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the
behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups, and individuals in a
manner favorable to the originators objectives. Also called MISO. (JP 3-13.2)
See ADP 3-05 and ADRP 3-05.
misinformation Incorrect information from any source
that is released for unknown reasons or to solicit a response or interest from
a non-political or nonmilitary target. (FM 3-53)
missile defense (DOD) Defense measures designed to
destroy attacking enemy missiles, or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of
such attack. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-55.6.
mission (DOD) The task, together with the purpose,
that clearly indicates the action to be taken and the reason therefore. (JP
3-0)
mission command (Army) The exercise of authority and
direction by the commander using mission orders to enable disciplined
initiative within the commanders intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders
in the conduct of unified land operations. (ADP 6-0) See also
mission command system The arrangement of personnel;
networks; information systems; processes and procedures; and facilities and
equipment that enable commanders to conduct operations. (ADP 6-0)
mission command warfighting function The related tasks
and systems that develop and integrate those activities enabling a commander to
balance the art of command and the science of control in order to integrate the
other warfighting functions. (ADRP 3-0)
mission creep Tangential efforts to assist in areas of
concern unrelated to assigned duties that cripple efficient mission
accomplishment. (FM 3-16)
mission essential task A task a unit could perform
based on its design, equipment, manning, and table of organization and
equipment/table of distribution and allowances mission. (ADRP 7-0) See also
mission essential task list.
mission essential task list A compilation of
collective mission essential tasks. Also called METL. (ADRP 7-0) See also
mission essential task.
mission orders Directives that emphasize to
subordinates the results to be attained, not how they are achieve them. (ADP
6-0) See also mission command.
mixing Using two or more different assets to collect
against the same intelligence requirement. (FM 3-90-2)
mobile defense A defensive task that concentrates on
the destruction or defeat of the enemy through a decisive attack by a striking
force. (ADRP 3-90)
mobility A quality or capacity of military forces
which permits them to move from place to place while retaining the ability to
fulfill their primary mission. (JP 3-17) See ADRP 3-90 and FM 3-90-1.
mobility operations Those combined arms activities
that mitigate the effects of natural and manmade obstacles to enable freedom of
movement and maneuver. (ATTP 3-90.4) See also breach; countermobility
operations.
mode operations The execution of movements using
various conveyances (truck, lighterage, railcar, aircraft) to transport cargo.
monitoring Continuous observation of those conditions
relevant to the current operation. (ADRP 5-0)
moral welfare recreation and community support
activities Programs that provide Soldiers, Army civilians, and other
authorized personnel with recreational and fitness activities, goods, and
services. The moral, welfare, recreation network provides unit recreation and
sports programs and rest areas for brigade-sized and larger units. Community
support programs include the American Red Cross and family support. (ATP 1-0.2)
movement and maneuver warfighting function The related
tasks and systems that move and employ forces to achieve a position of
advantage over the enemy and other threats. (ADRP 3-0) See also warfighting
function.
movement control (DOD) The planning, routing,
scheduling, and control of personnel and cargo movements over lines of
communications, includes maintaining in-transit visibility of forces and
material through the deployment and/or redeployment process.
movement corridor A designated area established to
protect and enable ground movement along a route. (FM 3-90.31)
movement to contact (Army) An offensive task designed
to develop the situation and establish or regain contact. (ADRP 3-90)
mounted march The movement of troops and equipment by
combat and tactical vehicles. (FM 3-90-2)
multiechelon
training A training technique that allows for the simultaneous training of
more than one echelon on different or complementary tasks. (ADRP 7-0)
multinational operations (DOD) A collective term to
describe military actions conducted by forces of two or more nations, usually
undertaken within the structure of a coalition or alliance. (JP 3-16) See ADRP
3-0, FM 3-07, and FM 3-16.
mutual support (DOD) That support which units render
each other against an enemy, because of their assigned tasks, their position
relative to each other and to the enemy, and their inherent capabilities. (JP
3-31) See ADRP 3-0.
N
named area of interest (DOD) A geospatial area or
systems node or link against which information that will satisfy a specific
information requirement can be collected. Named areas of interest are usually
selected to capture indications of adversary courses of action, but also may be
related to conditions of the operational environment. Also called NAI. (JP 2-01.3)
See FM 2-01.3 and ATP 3-55.6. (Army) The geographical area where information
that will satisfy a specific information requirement can be collected. Also
called NAI. (ADRP 1-02)
National Incident Management System (DOD) A national
crisis response sytem that provides a consistent,
nationwide approach for Federal, state, local, and tribal governments; the
private sector; and nongovernmental organizations to work effectively and
efficiently together to prepare for, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents,
regardless of cause, size or complexity. Also called NIMS.
nation assistance (DOD) Assistance rendered to a
nation by foreign forces within that nations territory based on agreements
mutually concluded between nations. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-57 and ATP 3-57.20.
nested concept A planning technique to achieve unity
of purpose whereby each succeeding echelons concept of operations is aligned
by purpose with the higher echelons concept of operations. (ADRP 5-0) See also
concept of operations.
net control station A communications station
designated to control traffic and enforce circuit discipline within a given
net. Also called NCS. (ADRP 1-02)
neutral (DOD) In combat and combat support operations,
an identity applied to a track whose characteristics, behavior, origin, or
nationality indicate that isneither supporting nor
opposing friendly forces (JP 3-0) See FM 3-07. (Army) A party identified as
neither supporting nor opposing friendly or enemy forces. (ADRP 3-0)
neutralization In the context of the computed effects
of field artillery fires, neutralization renders a target ineffective for a
short period of time, producing 10 percent casualties or materiel damage. (FM
3-09)
neutralize (Army) A tactical mission task that results
in rendering enemy personnel or materiel incapable of interfering with a
particular operation. (FM 3-90-1)
night vision device (DOD) Any electro-optical device
that is used to detect visible and near-infrared energy, and provide a visible
image. Night vision goggles, forward-looking infrared, thermal sights,
and low-light level television are night vision devices. Also called NVD.
night vision goggle(s) (DOD) An electro-optical image
intensify device that detects visible and near-infrared energy, intensifies the
energy, and provides a visible image for night viewing. Night vision goggles
can be either hand-held or helmet-mounted. Also called NVG. (JP 3-09.3)
See ATP 3-06.1.
no strike list (DOD) A list of objectives or entities
characterized as protected from the effects of military operations under
international law and/or rules of engagement. Also called NSL. (JP 3-60) See
ADRP 3-09.
no fire area (DOD) An area designated by the appropriate
commander into which fires or their effects are prohibited. (JP 3-09) Also
called NFA. See FM 3-09-1.
nonappropriated
funds (DOD) Funds generated by Department of Defense personnel and their
dependents used to augment funds appropriated by the Congress to provide a
comprehensive, morale-building welfare, religious, educational, and
recreational programs. Also called NAF. (JP 1-0)
noncombat evacuation operations (DOD) Operations
directed by the Department of State or other appropriate authority, in
conjunction with the Department of Defense, whereby noncombatants are evacuated
from foreign countries when their lives are endangered by war, civil unrest, or
natural disaster to safe havens as designated by the Department of State. Also
called NEOs. (JP 3-68) See FM 3-07.
noncontiguous area of operations Where one or more of
the commanders subordinate forces areas of operation do not share a
common boundary. See also area of operations. (FM 3-90-1)
nongovernmental organization (DOD) A private, self governing, not for profit organization dedicated to
alleviating human suffering; and/or promoting education, health care, economic
development, environmental protection, human rights, and conflict resolution;
and/or encouraging the establishment of democratic institutions and civil
society. (JP 3-08) See ADRP 3-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-50.1, and ATP 3-57.20.
nonstandard bridging Bridging that is purposely
designed for a particular gap and typically built using commercial off the
shelf or locally available materials. (ATTP 3-90.4)
O
objective (DOD) The clearly defined, decisive, and
attainable goal toward which every operation is directed. (JP 5-0) See ADRP
5-0. (Army) A location on the ground used to orient operations, phase
operations, facilitate changes of direction, and provide for unity of effort.
(ADRP 3-90)
objective rally point A rally point established on an
easily identifiable point on the ground where all elements of the infiltrating
unit assemble and prepare to attack the objective. (ADRP 3-90)
obscuration The employment of materials into the
environment that degrade optical and/or electro-optical capabilities within
select portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in order to deny acquisition by
or deceive an enemy or adversary. (ADRP 1-02)
observation The condition of weather and terrain that
permits a force to see the friendly, enemy, and neutral personnel and systems,
and key aspects of the environment. (ADRP 1-02)
observation post A position from which military
observations are made, or fire directed and adjusted, and which possesses
appropriate communications. While aerial observers and sensors systems are
extremely useful, those systems do not constitute aerial observation posts.
Also called OP. (FM 3-90-2)
obstacle (DOD) Any natural or man-made obstruction
designed or employed to disrupt, fix, turn, or block the movement of an
opposing force, and to impose additional losses in personnel, time, and
equipment on the opposing force. (JP 3-15) See FM 3-90-1.
obstacle belt (DOD) A brigade-level command and
control measure, normally given graphically, to show where within an obstacle
zone the ground tactical commander plans to limit friendly obstacle employment
and focus the defense. (JP 3-15) See FM 3-90-1.
obstacle control measures Specific measures that
simplify the granting of obstacle-emplacing authority while providing obstacle
control. (FM 3-90-1)
obstacle groups One or more individual obstacles
grouped to provide a specific obstacle effect. (FM 3-90-1)
obstacle line A conceptual control measure used at
battalion or brigade level to show placement intent without specifying a
particular type of linear obstacle. (FM 90-7)
obstacle restricted areas (DOD) A command and control
measure used to limit the type or number of obstacles within an area.
obstacle zone (DOD) A division-level command and
control measure, normally done graphically, to designate specific land areas
where lower echelons are allowed to employ tactical obstacles. (JP 3-15) See FM
3-90-1.
occupy A tactical mission task that involves a force
moving a friendly force into an area so that it can control that area. Both the
forces movement to and occupation of the area occur without enemy opposition.
(FM 3-90-1)
offensive counterair (DOD) Offensive operations to
destroy, disrupt, or neutralize enemy aircraft, missiles, launch platforms, and
their supporting structures and systems both before and after launch, and as
close to their source as possible. Also called OCA. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-55.6.
offensive fires Fires that preempt enemy actions. (FM
3-09)
offensive task A task conducted to defeat and destroy
enemy forces and seize terrain, resources, and population centers. (ADRP 3-0)
on call target (DOD) Planned target upon which fires
or other actions are determined using deliberate targeting and triggered, when
detected or located, using dynamic targeting. (JP 3-60) See ATP 3-60.1.
on order mission A mission to be executed at an
unspecified time. (ATTP 5-0.1) See also be prepared mission.
open source Any person or group that provides
information without the expectations of privacythe Information, the
relationship, or both is not protected against public disclosure. (ATP 2-22.9)
open source intelligence (DOD) Information of
potential intelligence value that is available to the general public. Also
called OSINT.
operation (DOD) A military action or the carrying out
of a strategic, tactical, Service, training, or administrative military
mission.
operational approach (DOD) A description of broad
actions the force must take to transform current conditions into those desired
at end state. (JP 5-0) See ADRP 3-0, ADP 5-0, and ADRP 5-0.
operational area (DOD) An overarching term
encompassing more descriptive terms (such as area of responsibility and joint
operations area) for geographic areas in which military operations are
conducted. Also Called OA. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-07 and ATP 3-09.24.
operational area security A form of security
operations conducted to protect friendly forces, installations, routes, and
actions within an area of operations. (ADRP 3-37)
operational art (DOD) The cognitive approach by
commanders and staffssupported by their skill, knowledge, experience,
creativity, and judgmentto develop strategies, campaigns, and operations to
organize and employ military forces by integrating ends, ways, and means. (JP
3-0) See ADP 3-0, ADRP 3-0, and ADRP 5-0.
operational contract support (DOD) The process of
planning for and obtaining supplies, services, and construction from commercial
sources in support of operations along with the associated contractor
management functions. (JP 4-10) See ATTP 4-10.
operational control (DOD) Command authority that may
be exercised by commanders at any echelon at or below the level of combatant
command. Operational control is inherent in combatant command (command
authority) and may be delegated within the command. Operational control is the
authority to perform those functions of command over subordinate forces
involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks,
designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction necessary to
accomplish the mission. Operational control includes authoritative direction
over all aspects of military operations and joint training necessary to
accomplish missions assigned to the command. Operational control should be
exercised through the commanders of subordinate organizations. Normally this
authority is exercised through subordinate joint force commanders and Service
and/or functional component commanders. Operational control normally provides
full authority to organize commands and forces and to employ those forces as
the commander in operational control considers necessary to accomplish assigned
missions; it does not, in and of itself, include authoritative direction for
logistics or matters of administration, discipline, internal organization, or
unit training. Also called OPCON. (JP 1) See ADRP 5-0.
operational environment (DOD) A composite of the
conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the employment of
capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander. Also called OE. (JP
3-0) See ADRP 3-0, ADP 5-0, ADRP 6-0, FM 3-07, FM 3-57, ATP 3-55.6, and ATP
3-57.20.
operational initiative The setting or dictating the
terms of action throughout an operation. (ADRP 3-0)
operational reach (DOD) The distance and duration
across which a joint force can successfully employ military capabilities. (JP
3-0) See ADRP 3-0.
operational training domain The training activities
organizations undertake while at home station, at maneuver combat training
centers, during joint exercises, at mobility centers, and while operationally
deployed. (ADP 7-0)
operation order (DOD) A directive issued by a
commander to subordinate commanders for the purpose of effecting the
coordinated execution of an operation. Also called OPORD. (JP 5-0) See
ATP 3-57.20.
operation plan (DOD) 1. Any plan for the conduct of
military operations prepared in response to actual and potential contingencies.
2. A complete and detailed joint plan containing a full description of
the concept of operations, all annexes applicable to the plan, and a time-phased
force and deployment data. Also called Oplan.
(JP 5-0) See ATP 3-57.20.
operations process The major mission command
activities performed during operations: planning, preparing, executing and
continuously assessing the operation. (ADP 5-0)
operations security (DOD) A process of identifying
critical information and subsequently analyzing friendly actions attendant to
military operations and other activities. (JP 3-13.3) See ADRP 3-37.
organic (DOD) Assigned to and forming an essential part
of military organization. Organic parts of a unit are those listed in its table
of organization for the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, and are assigned to
the administrative organizations of the operating forces for the Navy. (JP
1-02) See ADRP 5-0.
other governmental agency (DOD) Within the context of
interagency coordination, a non Department of Defense
agency of the United States Government. (JP 1) See ADRP 3-0 and ATP 3-57.20.
overbridging A method used to reinforce, provide
emergency repair, or augment existing bridges or bridge spans using standard
bridging. In close combat this is typically provided through the employment of
tactical bridging. (ATTP 3-90.4)
overt operation An operation conducted openly, without
concealment. (ADRP 1-02)
P
parallel planning Two or more echelons planning for
the same operation through the sequential sharing of information from the
higher headquarters prior to the headquarters publishing their operation plan
or operation order. (ADRP 5-0)
partner nation (DOD) Those nations that the United
States works with to disrupt the production, transportation, distribution, and
sale of illicit drugs, as well as the money involved with this illicit
activity. Also called PN. (JP 3-07.4) See ATP 3-57.20.
passage lane A lane through an enemy or friendly
obstacle that provides a safe passage for a passing force. (FM 3-90-2)
passage of lines (DOD) An operation in which a force
moves forward or reward through another forces combat positions with the
intention of moving into or out of contact with the enemy. (JP 3-18) See
ADRP 3-90, FM 3-90-1 and FM 3-90-2.
passage point A specifically designated place where
the passing units will pass through the stationary unit. Also called PP. (FM
3-90-2) See also passage of lines.
passive air defense (DOD) All measures other than
active air defense, taken to minimize the effectiveness of hostile air and
missile threats against friendly forces and assets. (JP 3-01) See ADRP 3-09,
ADRP 3-90, and FM 3-90-1 and ATP 3-27.5.
patient decontamination The removal and/or the
neutralization of hazardous levels of chemical, biological, radiological and
nuclear contamination from patients at a medical treatment facility. Patient
decontamination is performed under the supervision of medical personnel to
prevent further injury to the patient and to maintain the patients health
status during the decontamination process. Patient decontamination serves
multiple purposes; it protects the patient from further injury, it prevents exposing
medical personnel to the contamination, and it prevents contamination of the
medical treatment facility. (FM 4-02.7)
peace building (DOD) Stability actions, predominately
diplomatic and economic, that strengthen and rebuild governmental infrastructure
and institutions in order to avoid a relapse into conflict. Also called PB. (JP
3-07.3) See ADRP 3-07 and ATP 3-07.5.
peace enforcement (DOD) Application of military force,
or threat of its use, normally pursuant to international authorization, to compel
compliance with resolutions or sanctions designed to maintain or restore peace
and order. (JP 3-07.3) See ADRP 3-07 and ATP 3-07.5.
peace keeping (DOD) Military operations undertaken
with the consent of all major parties to a dispute, designed to monitor and
facilitate implementation of an agreement (cease fire, truce, or other such
agreement) and support diplomatic efforts to reach a long-term political
settlement. (JP 3-07.3) See ADRP 3-07 and ATP 3-07.5.
peacemaking (DOD) The process of diplomacy, mediation,
negotiation, or other forms of peaceful settlements that arranges an end to a
dispute and resolves issues that led to it. (JP 3-07.3) See ADRP 3-07, FM 3-07,
and ATP 3-07.5.
peace operations (DOD) A broad term that encompasses
multiagency and multinational crisis response and limited contingency
operations involving all instruments of national power with military missions
to contain conflict, redress the peace, and shape the environment to support
reconciliation and rebuilding and facilitate the transition to legitimate
governance. Also called PO. (JP 3-07.3) See ADRP 3-07, FM 3-07, and ATP 3-07.5.
penetration A form of maneuver in which an attacking
force seeks to rupture enemy defenses on a narrow front to disrupt the
defensive system. (FM 3-90-1)
performance work statement (DOD) A statement of work
for performance based acquisitions that describe the results in clear,
specific, and objective terms with measurable outcomes. Also called PWS
(JP 4-10) See ATP 1-06.2.
permissive environment (DOD) Operational environment
in which host country military and law enforcement agencies have control as
well as the intent and capability to assist operations that a unit intends to
conduct. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-57.
persistent surveillance (DOD) A collection strategy
that emphasizes the ability of some collection systems to linger on demand in
an area to detect, locate, characterize, identify, track, target, and possibly
provide battle damage assessment and retargeting in near or real-time.
Persistent surveillance facilitates the prediction of an adversarys behavior
and the formulation and execution of preemptive activities to deter or
forestall anticipated adversary courses of action. (JP 2-0) See ATP 3-60.1.
personal protective equipment (DOD) The equipment
provided to shield or isolate a person from the chemical, physical, and thermal
hazards that can be encountered at a hazardous materials incident.
Personal protective equipment includes both personal protective clothing
and respiratory protection. Also called PPE. (JP 3-11) See ATP 4-02.84.
personnel accountability (Army) The by-name recording
of specific data on individuals as they arrive and depart from units or theater
transition points. Data includes information such as duty status, changes in
duty status, changes in location, and grade changes.
personnel readiness management The Personnel readiness
management is the distribution of Soldiers and Army civilians to command and
organizations based on documented manpower requirements, authorizations, and
predictive analysis in support of the commanders plans and priorities need to
accomplish its mission. (ATP 1-0.2)
personnel recovery (DOD) The sum of military,
diplomatic, and civil efforts to prepare for and execute the recovery and
reintegration of isolated personnel. Also called PR. (JP 3-50) See ATP
3-55.6. (Army) The sum of military, diplomatic, and civil efforts to prevent
isolation incidents and to return isolated persons to safety or friendly control.
(FM 3-50.1)
personnel recovery coordination cell (DOD) The primary
joint force component organization responsible for coordinating and controlling
component personnel recovery missions. (JP 3-50) See FM 3-50.1.
personnel services Sustainment functions that man and
fund the force, maintain Soldier and family readiness, promote the moral and
ethical values of the nation, and enable the fighting qualities of the Army.
(ADP 4-0)
personnel support Personnel support encompasses the
functions of moral, welfare, recreation, command interest programs, and band
operations and contributes to unit readiness by promoting fitness, building
moral and cohesion, enhancing quality of life, and by providing recreational,
social, and other support services for Soldiers, Department of Defense
civilians, and other personnel authorized to accompany the force. (ATP 1-0.2)
phase (DOD) In joint operation planning, a
definitive stage of an operation or campaign during which a large portion of
the forces and capabilities are involved in similar or mutually supporting
activities for a common purpose. (JP 5-0) See FM 3-07. (Army) A planning and
execution tool used to divide an operation in duration or activity. (ADRP 3-0)
phase line (DOD) line utilized for control and coordination
of military operations, usually an easily identified feature in the operational
area. Also called PL. (JP 3-09) See FM 3-90-1 and ATP 3-20.15.
P-hour (airborne operations) In airborne assault
operations, the specific hour on D-day at which a parachute assault commences
with the exit of the first Soldier from an aircraft over a designated drop
zone. P-hour may or may not coincide with H-hour. (ATTP 5-0.1)
physical security That part of the Army security
system, based on threat analysis, concerned with procedures and physical
measures designed to safeguard personnel, property, and operations; to prevent
unauthorized access to equipment, facilities, materiel, and information; and to
protect against espionage, terrorism, sabotage, damage, misuse, and theft.
(ATTP 3-39.32)
physical security inspection A formal, recorded
assessment of the physical protective measures and security procedures that are
implemented to protect unit and activity assets. (ATTP 3-39.32)
physical security survey A formal recorded assessment
of and installations overall physical security program, including electronic
security measures. (ATTP 3-39.32)
piecemeal commitment The immediate employment of units
in combat as they become available instead of waiting for larger aggregations
of units to ensure mass, or The unsynchronized employment of available forces
so that their combat power is not employed effectively. (ADRP 3-90) See also
combat power.
planned target (DOD) Target that is known to exist in
the operational environment, upon which actions are planned using deliberate
targeting, creating effects which support commanders objectives. There are two
subcategories of planned targets: scheduled and on-call. (JP 3-60) See ATP
3-60.1.
planning The art and science of understanding a
situation, envisioning a desired future, and laying out effective ways of
bringing that future about. (ADP 5-0)
planning horizon A point in time commander use to
focus the organizations planning efforts to shape future events. (ADRP 5-0)
See also planning.
planning requirements and assessing collection The
task that analyzes requirements, evaluates available assets (internal and
external), recommends to the operations staff taskings for information
collection assets, submits requests for information for adjacent and higher
collection support, and conducts an assessment of the effectiveness of the
information collection plan. (ATTP 2-01)
platoon A subdivision of a company or troop consisting
of two or more squads or sections. (ADRP 3-90)
point of breach The location at an obstacle where the
creation of a lane is being attempted. (ATTP 3-90.4)
point of departure The point where the unit crosses
the line of departure and begins moving along a direction of attack. (ADRP 3-90)
See also line of departure.
point of penetration The location, identified on the
ground, where the commander concentrates his efforts at the enemys weakest
point to seize a foothold on the farside objective.
(ATTP 3-90.4)
police intelligence operations A military police
function, integrated within all military police operations, that supports the
operations process through analysis, production, and dissemination of
information collected as a result of police activities to enhance situational
understanding, protection, civil control, and law enforcement. Also called PIO.
(FM 3-39)
policing The application of control measures within an
area of operations to maintain law and order, safety, and other matters
affecting the general welfare of the population. (FM 3-39)
populace and resources control Operations which
provide security for the populace, deny personnel and materiel to the enemy,
mobilize population and materiel resources, and detect and reduce the
effectiveness of enemy agents. Populace control measures include curfews,
movement restrictions, travel permits, registration cards, and resettlement of
civilians. Resource control measures include licensing, regulations or
guidelines, checkpoints (for example, road blocks), ration controls, amnesty
programs, and inspection of facilities. Most military operations employ some
type of populace and resources control measures. Also called PRC. (FM 3-57)
port opening The ability to establish, initially
operate and facilitate throughput for ports of debarkation to support unified
land operations. (ADRP 4-0)
position area for artillery An area assigned to an
artillery unit where individual artillery systems can maneuver to increase
their survivability. A position area for artillery is not an area of operations
for the artillery unit occupying it. (FM 3-90-1)
positive control (DOD) A method of airspace control
that relies on positive identification, tracking, and direction of aircraft
within an airspace, conducted with electronic means by an agency having the
authority and responsibility therein. (JP 3-52) See ATP 3-06.1.
postal operations Postal operations provide a network
to process mail and provide postal service to Soldiers and other personnel
authorized to receive postal entitlements. Processing mail involves receiving,
separating, sorting, dispatching, and redirecting ordinary and accountable
mail; completing international mail exchange; handling casualty and enemy
prisoner of war mail; and screening for contaminated or suspicious mail. Postal
services involve selling stamps, cashing and selling money orders, providing
registered (including classified up to secret), insured and certified mail
services, and processing postal claims and inquiries. (ATP 1-0.2)
precision munition A munition that corrects for
ballistic conditions using guidance and control up to the aimpoint or
submunitions dispense with terminal accuracy less than the lethal radius of
effects. (FM 3-09)
precision smart munition A munition or submunition
that autonomously searches for, detects, classifies, selects, and engages a
target or targets. A precision smart munition has a limited target
discrimination capability. (FM 3-09)
preparation Those activities performed by units and
Soldiers to improve their ability to execute an operation. (ADP 5-0)
preparation of the environment (DOD) An umbrella term
for operations and activities conducted by selectively trained special
operations forces to develop an environment for potential future special
operations. (JP 3-05) See ADP 3-05 and ADRP 3-05.
presumptive identification The employment of
technologies with limited specificity and sensitivity by general-purpose forces
in a field environment to determine the presence of a chemical, biological,
radiological, and/or nuclear hazard with a low level of confidence and degree
of certainty necessary to support immediate tactical decisions. (ATP 3-11.37)
primary position The position that covers the enemys
most likely avenue of approach into the area of operations. (ADRP 3-90) See
also alternate position; area of operations; avenue of approach; battle
position; subsequent position; supplementary position.
priority intelligence requirement (DOD) An
intelligence requirement, stated as a priority for intelligence support, that
the commander and staff need to understand the adversary or other aspects of
the operational environment. Also called PIR. (JP 2-01) See ADRP 2-0, ADRP 5-0,
FM 3-57, and ATP 3-55.6.
priority of fires The commanders guidance to his
staff, subordinate commanders, fire support planners, and supporting agencies
to organize and employ fire support in accordance with the relative importance
of the units mission. (ADRP 3-09) See also fire support.
priority of support A Priority set by the commander to
ensure a subordinate unit has support in accordance with it relative importance
to accomplishing the mission. (ADRP 5-0)
private information Data, facts, instructions, or
other material intended for or restricted to a particular person, group, or
organization. (ATP 2-22.9)
private sector (DOD) An umbrella term that may
be applied in the United States and in foreign countries to any or all of the
nonpublic or commercial individuals and businesses, specified nonprofit
organizations, most of academia and other scholastic institutions, and selected
nongovernmental organizations. (JP 3-57) See ATP 3-57.20.
probable line of deployment A phase line that
designates as the location where the commander intends to deploy the unit into
assault formation before beginning the assault. Also called PLD. (ADRP 3-90)
See also phase line.
procedures (DOD) Standard, detailed steps that
prescribe how to perform specific tasks. (CJCSM 5120.01) See ATP 3-90.90.
program of targets A number of planned targets of a
similar nature that are planned for sequential attack. (FM 3-09)
proof The verification that a lane is free of mines or
explosive hazards and that the width and trafficability at the point of breach
are suitable for the passing force. (ATTP 3-90.4)
protection (DOD) 1. Preservation of the effectiveness
and survivability of mission related military and nonmilitary personnel,
equipment, facilities, information, and infrastructure deployed or located
within or outside the boundaries of a given operational area. (JP 3-0) See ADRP
3-37, ADRP 5-0, FM 1-04, and FM 3-07. 2. In space usage, active and passive
defensive measures to ensure the United States and friendly space systems
perform as designed by seeking to overcome an adversarys attempts to negate
them and to minimize damage if negation is attempted. (JP 3-14) See FM 3-07.
protection warfighting function The related tasks and
systems that preserve the force so the commander can apply maximum combat power
to accomplish the mission. (ADRP 3-0) See also warfighting function.
prudent risk A deliberate exposure to potential injury
or loss when the commander judges the outcome in terms of mission
accomplishment as worth the cost. (ADP 6-0)
publicly available information Data, facts,
instructions, or other material published or broadcast for general public
consumption; available on request to a member of the general public; lawfully
seen or heard by any casual observer; or made available to a meeting open to
the general public. (ATP 2-22.9)
pursuit An offensive operation designed to catch or
cut off a hostile force attempting to escape, with the aim of destroying it.
(ADRP 3-90)
Q
quartering party A group of unit representatives
dispatched to a probable new site of operations in advance of the main body to
secure, reconnoiter, and organize an area prior to the main bodys arrival and
occupation. (FM 3-90-2) See also advance party.
quick response force (Army) A dedicated force on a
base with adequate tactical mobility and fire support designated to defeat
Level I and Level II threats and shape Level III threats until they can be
defeated by a tactical combat force or other available response forces.
R
raid (DOD) An operation to temporarily seize an area
in order to secure information, confuse an adversary, capture personnel or
equipment, or to destroy a capability culminating with a planned withdrawal.
(JP 3-0) See FM 3-90-1.
rally point 1. An easily identifiable point on the
ground at which aircrews and passengers can assemble and reorganize following
an incident requiring a forced landing. 2. An easily identifiable point on the
ground at which units can reassemble and reorganize if they become dispersed.
Also called RP. (ADRP 1-02)
range 1. The distance between any given point and an
object or target. 2. Extent or distance limiting the operation or action of
something, such as the range of an aircraft, ship, or gun. 3. The distance that
can be covered over a hard surface by a ground vehicle, with its related
payload, using the fuel in its tank and its cans normally carried as part of
the ground vehicle equipment. 4. Area equipped for practice in shooting of
targets. In this meaning, also called target range. (ADRP 1-02)
Rangers (DOD) Rapidly deployable airborne light
infantry organized and trained to conduct highly complex joint direct action
operations in coordination with or in support of other special operations units
of all Services. (JP 3-05) See ADP 3-05 and ADRP 3-05.
reachback
(DOD) The process of obtaining products, services, and applications, or forces,
or equipment, or material from organizations that are not forward deployed. (JP
3-30) See FM 3-57.
rear boundary A boundary that defines the rearward
limits of a units area. It usually also defines the start of the next
echelons support area. (FM 3-90-1) See also area of operations; boundary.
rear echelon This echelon contains those elements of
the force that are not required in the objective area. (ADRP 1-02)
rearward passage of lines Occurs when a unit passes
through another units positions while moving away from the enemy. (ADRP 3-90)
See also forward passage of lines; passage of lines.
reclamation Regeneration or processing of a material
to recover a usable product. Examples include the recovery of lead from spent
batteries and the regeneration of spent solvents. (FM 3-34.5)
reconnaissance (DOD) A mission undertaken to obtain,
by visual observation or other detection methods, information about the
activities and resources of an enemy or adversary, or to secure data concerning
the meteorological, hydrographic or geographic characteristics of a particular
area. Also called RECON. (JP 2-0) See ADRP 3-90, FM 3-90-2 and ATP 3-55.6.
reconnaissance by fire A technique in which a unit
fires on a suspected enemy position to cause the enemy forces to disclose their
presence by movement or return fire. (FM 3-90-2)
reconnaissance in force A deliberate combat operation
designed to discover or test the enemys strength, dispositions, and reactions
or to obtain other information. (ADRP 3-90)
reconnaissance objective A terrain feature,
geographical area, enemy force, adversary, or other mission or operational
variable, such as specific civil considerations, about which the commander
wants to obtain additional information. (ADRP 3-90)
reconnaissance-pull Reconnaissance that
determines which routes are suitable for maneuver, where the enemy is strong
and weak, and where gaps exist, thus pulling the main body toward and along the
path of least resistance. This facilitates the commanders initiative and
agility. (FM 3-90-2)
reconnaissance-push Reconnaissance that refines
the common operational picture, enabling the commander to finalize the plan and
support shaping and decisive operations. It is normally used once the commander
commits to a scheme of maneuver or course of action. (FM 3-90-2)
reconnaissance squadron A unit consisting of two or
more company, battery, or troopsize units and a
headquarters. (ADRP 3-90)
reconstitution Extraordinary actions that commanders
plan and implement to restore units to a desired level of combat effectiveness
commensurate with mission requirements and available resources. (ADRP 1-02) See
also regeneration; reorganization.
recovery force (DOD) In personnel recovery, an
organization consisting of personnel and equipment with a mission of locating,
supporting, and recovering isolated personnel, and returning them to friendly
control. (JP 3-50) See FM 3-50.1.
reduce 1. A tactical mission task that involves the
destruction of an encircled or bypassed enemy force. (FM 3-90-1) 2. A mobility
task to create and mark lanes through, over, or around an obstacle to allow the
attacking force to accomplish its mission. (ATTP 3-90.4) See also assault;
bypass; destroy; neutralize; obscure; secure; suppress; tactical mission task.
reduction area A number of adjacent points of breach that
are under the control of the breaching commander. (ATTP 3-90.4)
redundancy Using two or more like assets to collect
against the same intelligence requirement. (FM 3-90-2)
refugee (DOD) A person who owning to a well-founded
fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership
of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of
his or her nationality and is unable or , owing to such fear, is unwilling to
avail himself or herself of the protection of that country. (JP 3-29) See FM
3-57 and FM 3-07.
regeneration Rebuilding of a unit through large scale
replacement of personnel, equipment, and supplies, including the
reestablishment or replacement of essential command and control and the conduct
of mission essential training for the newly rebuilt unit. (FM 100-9) See also
reconstitution; reorganization.
regional air defense commander (DOD) Commander,
subordinate to the area air defense Commander, who is responsible for air and
missile defense in the assigned region and exercises authorities as delegated
by the area air defense commander. Also called RADC.
regionally aligned forces Those forces that provide a
combatant commander with up to joint task force capable headquarters with
scalable, tailorable capabilities to enable the combatant commander to shape
the environment. They are those Army units assigned to combatant commands,
those Army units allocated to a combatant command, and those Army capabilities
distributed and prepared by the Army for combatant command regional missions.
(FM 3-22)
regional mechanism The primary method through which
friendly forces affect indigenous populations, host nations, or the enemy to
establish the conditions needed to safeguard our interests and those of our
allies. (ADP 3-05)
rehearsal A session in which a staff or unit practices
expected actions to improve performance during execution. (ADRP 5-0)
reinforcing A support relationship requiring a force
to support another supporting unit. (ADRP 5-0)
reintegrate (DOD) In personnel recovery, the task of
conducting appropriate debriefings and reintegrating recovered isolated
personnel back to duty and their family. (JP 3-50) See FM 3-50.1.
reintegration The process through which former
combatants, belligerents, and displaced civilians receive amnesty, reenter
civil society, gain sustainable employment, and become contributing members of
the local populace. (ADRP 3-07)
release line Phase line used in river crossing
operations that delineates a change in the headquarters controlling movement.
Also called RL. (ADRP 1-02) See also phase line.
release point A location on a route where marching
elements are released from centralized control. Also called RP. (FM 3-90-2) See
also lane; march column; march serial; march unit; start point.
relief in place (DOD) An operation in which, by
direction of higher authority, all or part of a unit is replaced in an area by
the incoming unit and the responsibilities of the replaced elements for the
mission and the assigned zone of operations are transferred to the incoming
unit. (JP 3-07.3) See FM 3-90-2.
reorganization All measures taken by the commander to
maintain unit combat effectiveness or return it to a specified level of combat
capability. See also reconstitution; regeneration. (FM 3-90-1)
reserve (Army) That portion of a body of troops which
is withheld from action at the beginning of an engagement, in order to be
available for a decisive movement. (ADRP 3-90)
resistance movement (DOD) An organization effort by
some portion of the civil population of a country to resist the legally
established government or an occupying power and to disrupt civil order and
stability. (JP 3-05) See ADRP 3-05.
resource management operations The execution of the
resource management mission includes analyze resource requirements, ensure
commanders are aware of existing resource implications in order for them to
make resource informed decisions, and then obtain the necessary funding that
allows the commander to accomplish the overall unit mission. (FM 1-06)
resources (DOD) The forces, materiel, and other assets
or capabilities apportioned or allocated to the commander of a unified or
specified command. (JP 1-02) See ATP 3-07.20.
responsibility (DOD) The obligation to carry forward
an assigned task to a successful conclusion. With responsibility goes authority
to direct and take the necessary action to ensure success. (JP 1-02) See ADRP
6-0
responsiveness The ability to react to changing
requirements and respond to meet the needs to maintain support. (ADP 4-0)
restricted area Any area to which entry is subject to
special restrictions or control for security reasons or to safeguard property
or material. (ATTP 3-39.32)
restricted target (DOD) A valid target that has
specific restrictions placed on the actions authorized against it due to
operational considerations. (JP 3-60) See ADRP 3-09.
restricted target list (DOD) A list restricted to
targets nominated by elements of the joint force and approved by the
joint force commander. This list also includes restricted targets directed by
higher authorities. (JP 3-60) See ADRP 3-09.
restrictive fire area (DOD) An area in which specific
restrictions are imposed and into which fires that exceed those restrictions
will not be delivered without coordination with the establishing headquarters.
Also called RFA. (JP 3-09) See FM 3-90-1.
restrictive fire line (DOD) A line established between
converging friendly surface forces that prohibits fires or their effects across
that line. Also called RFL. See FM 3-09.
retain A tactical mission task in which the commander
ensures that a terrain feature controlled by a friendly force remains free of
enemy occupation or use. (FM 3-90-1) See also tactical mission task.
retention An Army program that ensures all Soldiers,
regardless of the type of military operation, have access to career counseling
and retention processing. Retention improves readiness of the force, assists in
force alignment, and contributes to maintaining the Army end strength. (ATP
1-0.2)
retirement A form of retrograde in which a force out
of contact moves away from the enemy. (ADRP 3-90)
retrograde (Army) 1. A defensive task that involves
organized movement away from the enemy. (ADRP 3-90) 2. (Army) An Army logistics
function of returning materiel from the owning or using unit back through the
distribution system to the source of supply, directed ship to location, or
point of disposal. (ADRP 1-02)
retrograde movement Any movement of a command to the
rear, or away from the enemy. It may be focused by the enemy or may be made
voluntarily. Such movements may be classified as a withdrawal, retirement, or
delaying action. (FM 3-90-1)
risk (DOD) Probability and severity of loss linked to
hazards. (JP 5-0) See FM 5-19.
risk assessment (DOD) The identification and
assessment of hazards (first two steps of risk management process). Also called
RA.
risk management (DOD) The process of identifying,
assessing, and controlling risks arising from operational factors and making
decisions that balance risk cost with mission benefits. Also called RM. (JP
3-0) See ADRP 5-0, FM 3-57, and ATP 3-60.1.
route The prescribed course to be traveled from a
specific point of origin to a specific destination. (FM 3 90-1)
route reconnaissance A directed effort to obtain
detailed information of a specified route and all terrain from which the enemy
could influence movement along that route. (ADRP 3-90)
rule of law A principle under which all persons,
institutions, and entities, public and private, including the state itself, are
accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced, and
independently adjudicated, and that are consistent with international human
rights principles. (FM 3-07)
rules for the use of force (DOD) Directives issued by
competent military authority that delineate the circumstances and limitations
under which United States forces will initiate and/or continue combat
engagement with other forces encountered. (JP 3-28) See ADRP 3-0.
rules of engagement (DOD) Directives issued by
competent military authority that delineate the circumstances and limitations
under which United States forces will initiate and/or continue combat
engagement with other forces encountered. Also called ROE. (JP 1-04) See ADRP
3-0, ADRP 3-09, ADRP 3-05, FM 1-04, FM 3-07, ATP 3-06.1 and ATP 3-60.1.
running estimate The continuous assessment of the
current situation used to determine if the current operation is proceeding
according to the commanders intent and if planned future operations are
supportable. (ADP 5-0)
S
safe area (DOD) A designated area in hostile territory
that offers the evader or escapee a reasonable chance of avoiding capture and
of surviving until he or she can be evacuated. (JP 3-50) See ADRP 3-05.
scheme of fires The detailed, logical sequence of
targets and fire support events to find and engage high-payoff targets to
accomplish the supported commanders intent. (FM 3-09)
science of control The systems and procedures used to
improve the commanders understanding and support accomplishing missions. (ADP
6-0)
science of tactics Encompasses the understanding of
those military aspects of tacticscapabilities, techniques and proceduresthat
can be measured and codified. (ADRP 3-90)
screen A security task that primarily provides early
warning to the protected force. (ADRP 3-90) See also concealment; flank guard;
guard; security operations; sensor; surveillance.
search and attack A technique for conducting a
movement to contact that shares many of the characteristics of an area security
mission. (FM 3-90-1)
section An Army unit smaller than a platoon and larger
than a squad. (ADRP 3-90)
sector air defense commander (DOD) Commander,
subordinate to an area/regional air defense Commander, who is responsible for
air and missile defense in the assigned sector, and exercises authorities as
delegated by the area/regional air defense Commander. Also called SADC. (JP
3-01) See ATP 3-27.5.
sector of fire That area assigned to a unit, crew
served weapon, or an individual weapon within which it will engage targets as
they appear in accordance with established engagement priorities. (FM 3-90-1)
secure A tactical mission task that involves
preventing a unit, facility, or geographical location from being damaged or
destroyed as a result of enemy action. (FM 3-90-1) See also assault; breach;
denial measure; destroy; reduce; suppress; tactical mission task.
security area That area that begins at the forward
area of the battlefield and extends as far to the front and flanks as security
forces are deployed. Forces in the security area furnish information on the
enemy and delay, deceive, and disrupt the enemy and conduct counterreconnaissance.
(ADRP 3-90) See also counterreconnaissance; delay;
disrupt.
security cooperation (DOD) All Department of Defense
interactions with foreign defense establishments to build defense relationships
that promote specific US security interests, develop allied and friendly
military capabilities for self defense and multinational
operations, and provide US forces with peacetime and contingency access to a
host nation. (JP 3-22) See ADRP 3-0 and ADRP 3-07.
security assistance (DOD) Group of programs authorized
by the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, and the Arms Export Control
Act of 1976, as amended, or other related status by which the United States
provides defense articles, military training, and other defense-related
services, by grant, loan, credit, or cash sales in furtherance of national
policies and objectives. Security Assistance is an element of Security
Cooperation Agency. Also called SA. (JP 3-22) See FM 3-57.
security force assistance (DOD) The Department of
Defense activities that contribute to unified action by the U.S.
Government to support the development of the capacity and capability of foreign
security forces and their supporting institutions. Also called SFA. (JP 3-22)
See ADRP 3-05, ADRP 3-07 and ATP 3-07.5. (Army) The unified action to generate,
employ, and sustain local, host nation, or regional security forces in support
of legitimate authority. (FM 3-07)
security operations Those operations undertaken by a
commander to provide early and accurate warning of enemy operations, to provide
the force being protected with time and maneuver space within which to react to
the enemy, and to develop the situation to allow the commander to effectively
use the protected force. (ADRP 3-90) See also cover; guard; screen.
security procedural measures Physical security
measures to counter risk factors that will periodically change over a period of
timesuch criminal, terrorist, and hostile threats. The procedures can usually
be changed in a short time and involve manpower.
security sector reform The set of policies, plans,
programs, and activities that a government undertakes to improve the way it
provides safety, security, and justice. (FM 3-07)
seize (Army) A tactical mission task that involves
taking possession of a designated area using overwhelming force. (FM 3-90-1)
See also contain; tactical mission task.
self-development training domain Planned,
goal-oriented learning that reinforces and expands the depth and breadth of an
individuals knowledge base, self-awareness, and situational awareness;
compliments institutional and operational learning; enhances professional
competence; and meets personal objectives. (ADP 7-0)
sequel (DOD) The subsequent major operation or phase
based on the possible outcomes (success, stalemate, or defeat) of the current
major operation or phase. (JP 5-0) See FM 3-07.
shaping operation An operation that establishes
conditions for the decisive operation through effects on the enemy, other
actors, and the terrain. (ADRP 3-0) See also decisive operation; sustaining
operation.
signal operating instructions (DOD) A series of orders
issued for technical control and coordination of the signal communication
activities of a command. (JP 6-0) See FM 6-02.53.
simplicity Relates to processes and procedures to
minimize the complexity of sustainment. (ADP 4-0)
single envelopment A form of maneuver that results
from maneuvering around one assailable flank of a designated enemy force.
situation template (DOD) A depiction of assumed
adversary dispositions, based on that adversary's preferred method of
operations and the impact of the operational environment if the adversary
should adopt a particular course of action. (JP 2-01.3) See FM 2-01.3.
situational understanding The product of applying
analysis and judgment to relevant information to determine the relationship
among the operational and mission variables to facilitate decisionmaking.
(ADP 5-0)
sociocultural factors (DOD) The social, cultural, and
behavioral factors characterizing the relationships and activities of the
population or a specific region or operational environment. (JP 2-01.3) See
ADRP 3-05.
Soldier and leader engagement Interpersonal
interactions by Soldiers and leaders with audiences in an area of operations.
(FM 3-13)
space-based infrared system (DOD) A consolidated
system for infrared space, air, and terrestrial surveillance and reconnaissance
along with associated communication link, designed to meet missile defense,
missile warning and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance mission
requirements. Also called SBIRS. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-27.5.
special forces (DOD) US Army forces organized,
trained, and equipped to conduct special operations with an emphasis on
unconventional warfare capabilities. Also called SF. (JP 3-05) See ADP 3-05.
special operations (DOD) Operations requiring unique
modes of employment, tactical techniques, equipment, and training often
conducted in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments and
characterized by one or more of the following: time sensitive, clandestine, low
visibility, conducted with and/or through indigenous forces, requiring regional
expertise, and/or a high degree of risk. Also called SO. (JP 3-05) See ADP
3-05, ADRP 3-05, FM 1-04, and FM 3-57.
special operations command (DOD) A subordinate unified
or other joint command established by a joint force commander to plan,
coordinate, conduct, and support joint special operations within the joint
force commanders assigned operational area. See also special operations. (JP
3-05) See ADP 3-05.
special operations command and control element (DOD) A
special operations element that is the focal point for the synchronization of
special operations forces activities with conventional forces. Also called
SOCCE. (JP 3-05) See ADRP 3-05.
special operations forces (DOD) Those Active and
Reserve Component forces of the Military Service designated by the Secretary of
Defense and specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and
support special operations. Also called SOF. (JP 3-05.1) See
special operations liaison element (DOD) A special
operations liaison team provided by the joint force special operations component
commander to the joint force air component commander (if designated) or
appropriate Service component air command and control organization, to
coordinate, deconflict, and integrate special operations air, surface, and
subsurface operations with conventional air operations. Also called SOLE. (JP
3-05) See ADRP 3-05.
special operations-peculiar (DOD) Equipment, material,
supplies, and services required for special operations missions for which there
is no Service-common requirement. Also called SO-peculiar. (JP 3-05) See ADRP
3-05.
special operations task force A temporary or
semipermanent grouping of Army special operations forces units under one
commander and formed to carry out a specific operation or a continuing mission.
Also called SOTF. (ADRP 3-05)
special reconnaissance (DOD) Reconnaissance and
surveillance actions conducted as a special operation in hostile, denied, or
politically sensitive environments to collect or verify information of
strategic or operational significance, employing military capabilities not
normally found in conventional forces. (JP 3-05) See ADP 3-05, ADRP 3-05, ADRP
3-90, and FM 3-90-2.
special warfare The execution of activities that
involve a combination of lethal and nonlethal actions taken by a specially trained
and educated force that has a deep understanding of cultures and foreign
language, proficiency in small-unit tactics, and the ability to build and fight
alongside indigenous combat formations in a permissive, uncertain, or hostile
environment. (ADP 3-05)
specified task (Army) A task specifically assigned to
a unit by its higher headquarters. (ATTP 5-0.1) See also essential task;
implied task.
spoiling attack A tactical maneuver employed to
seriously impair a hostile attack while the enemy is in the process of forming
or assembling for an attack. (FM 3-90-1)
squad A small military unit typically containing two
or more fire teams. (ADRP 3-90)
stability mechanism The primary method through which
friendly forces affect civilians in order to attain conditions that support
establishing a lasting, stable peace. (ADRP 3-0)
stability operations (DOD) An overarching term
encompassing various military missions, tasks, and activities conducted outside
the United States in coordination with other instruments of national power to
maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment, provide essential
governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and
humanitarian relief. (JP 3-0) See ADP 3-05, ADRP 3-37,
stability tasks Tasks conducted as part of operations
outside the United States in coordination with other instruments of national
power to maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment and provide
essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and
humanitarian relief. (ADP 3-07)
stabilization The process by which underlying tensions
that might lead to resurgence in violence and a breakdown in the law and order
are managed and reduced, while efforts are made to support preconditions for
successful long term development. (FM 3-07)
staff section A group of staff members by area of
expertise under a coordination, special, or personal staff officer. (ATTP
5-0.1)
standard bridging Any bridging derived from manufactured
bridge systems and components that are designed to be transportable, easily
constructed, and reused. (ATTP 3-90.4)
standard operating procedure (DOD) A set of
instructions covering those features of operations which lend themselves to a
definite or standardized procedure without loss of effectiveness. The procedure
is applicable unless ordered otherwise. Also called SOP. (JP 1-02) See
ATP 3-90.90.
strategic communication (DOD) Focused United States
Government efforts to understand and engage key audiences to create,
strengthen, or preserve conditions favorable for the advancement of United
States Government interests, policies, and objectives through the use of
coordinated programs, plans, themes, messages, and products synchronized with
the actions of all interments of national power. Also called SC. (JP 5-0)
See ATP 3-55.12.
start point A location on a route where the march
elements fall under the control of a designated march commander. Also called
SP.
stay behind operation An operation in which the
commander leaves a unit in position to conduct a specified mission while the
remainder of the forces withdraw or retire from an area. (FM 3-90-1)
straggler control Operations conducted to regulate
friendly forces who have become separated from their commands by events in the
area of operations. (FM 3-39)
strength reporting The numerical end product of the
personnel accountability process to reflect the combat power of a unit.
It is based on fill versus authorizations and drives Army readiness and
personnel readiness management. Strength reporting is used to monitor
unit strength, prioritize replacements, execute strength distribution, and make
tactical and human resources support decisions. Strength reporting is
conducted at each mission command level. (ATP 1-0.2)
strike coordination and reconnaissance A mission flown
for the purpose of detecting targets and coordinating or performing attack or
reconnaissance on those targets. Also called SCAR. (JP 3-03) See ATP 3-55.6 and
ATP 3-60.1.
striking force A dedicated counterattack force in a
mobile defense constituted with the bulk of available combat power. (ADRP 3-90)
See also mobile defense.
strong point A heavily fortified battle position tied
to a natural or reinforcing obstacle to create an anchor for the defense or to
deny the enemy decisive or key terrain. (ADRP 3-90) Also called SP. See also
battle position; mobile defense.
subsequent position A position that a unit expects to
move to during the course of battle. (ADRP 3-90)
subversion (DOD) Actions designated to undermine the
military, economic, psychological, or political strength or morale of a
governing authority. (JP 3-24) See ADRP 3-05.
supplementary position A defensive position located
within a units assigned area of operations that provides the best sectors of
fire and defensive terrain along an avenue of approach that is not the primary
avenue along where the enemy is expected to attack. (ADRP 3-90) See also
alternate position; area of operations; avenue of approach; battle position;
sector of fire.
supply The process of providing all items necessary to
equip, maintain, and operate a military command. See also classes of supply.
(ADRP 1-02)
supply discipline Command responsibility to identify
and redistribute excess materials, observe senior commanders priorities, and
ensure subordinates operate within the legal boundaries of the logistics
system. (ADRP 1-02)
support (DOD) 1. The action of a force that aids,
protects, complements, or sustains another force in accordance with the
directive requiring such action. 2. A unit that helps another unit in battle.
3. An element of a command that assists, protects, or supplies other forces in
combat. (JP 1) See FM 3-07.
support area In contiguous areas of operations, an
area for any commander that extends from its rear boundary forward to the rear
boundary of the next lower level of command. (ADRP 3-0)
support bridging Bridges used to establish
semipermanent or permanent support to planned movements and road networks.
Normally used to replace tactical bridging when necessary. (ATTP 3-90.4)
support by fire A tactical mission task in which a
maneuver force moves to a position where it can engage the enemy by direct fire
in support of another maneuvering force. (FM 3-90-1) See also attack by fire;
overwatch; tactical mission task.
support by fire position The general position from
which a unit conducts the tactical mission task of support by fire. (ADRP 3-90)
support to civil administration Assistance given by
U.S. armed forces to stabilize or to continue the operations of the governing
body or civil structure of a foreign country, whether by assisting an
established government of by establishing military authority over an occupied
population. Also called SCA. (FM 3-57)
supported unit As related to contracted support, a
supported unit is the organization that is the recipient, but not necessarily
the requester of, contractor provided support. (ATTP 4-10)
supporting distance The distance between two units
that can be traveled in time for one to come to the aid of the other and
prevent its defeat by an enemy or ensure it regains
control of a civil situation. (ADRP 3-0) See also supporting range.
supporting effort A designated subordinate unit with a
mission that supports the success of the main effort. (ADRP 3-0)
supporting range The distance one unit may be
geographically separated from a second unit yet remain within the maximum range
of the second units weapons systems. (ADRP 3-0) See also supporting distance.
suppress A tactical mission task that results in
temporary degradation of the performance of a force or weapons system below the
level needed to accomplish the mission. (FM 3-90-1) See also tactical mission
task.
suppression of enemy air defenses (DOD) Activity that
neutralizes, destroys, or temporarily degrades surface-based enemy air defenses
by destructive and/or disruptive means. Also called SEAD. (JP 3-01) See ATP
3-55.6.
surgical strike The execution of activities in a
precise manner that employ special operations forces in hostile, denied, or
politically sensitive environments to seize, destroy, capture, exploit,
recover, or damage designated targets, or influence threats. (ADP 3-05)
surveillance (DOD) The systematic observation of
aerospace, surface or subsurface areas, places, persons, or things by visual,
aural, electronic, photographic, or other means. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-55 and ATP
3-55.6.
survivability (DOD) All aspects of protecting personnel,
weapons, and supplies while simultaneously deceiving the enemy. (JP 3-34)
See ADRP 3-90 and FM 3-90-1.
survivability move A move that involves rapidly
displacing a unit, command post, or facility in response to direct and indirect
fires, the approach of an enemy unit, a natural phenomenon, or as a proactive
measure based on intelligence, meteorological data, and risk analysis of enemy
capabilities and intentions (including weapons of mass destruction). (ADRP
3-90)
sustaining operation An operation at any echelon that
enables the decisive operation or shaping operations by generating and
maintaining combat power. (ADRP 3-0) See also decisive operation; shaping
operation.
sustainment (Army) The provision of logistics,
personnel services, and health service support necessary to maintain operations
until successful mission completion. (ADP 4-0)
sustainment preparation of the operational environment
The analysis to determine infrastructure, environmental factors, and resources
in the operational environment that will optimize or adversely impact friendly
forces means for supporting and sustaining the commanders operations plan.
(ADP 4-0)
sustainment warfighting function The related tasks and
systems that provide support and services to ensure freedom of action, extend
operational reach, and prolong endurance. (ADRP 3-0) See also warfighting
function.
synchronization (DOD) 1. The arrangement of military
actions in time, space, and purpose to produce maximum relative combat power at
a decisive place and time (JP 2-0) See ADP 3-0 and ADRP 3-0. 2. In the
intelligence context, application of intelligence sources and methods in
concert with the operation plan to ensure intelligence requirements are
answered in time to influence the decisions they support. (JP 2-0) See FM
3-07 and ATP 3-07.20.
synchronization matrix A tool the staff uses to record
the results of wargaming and helps them synchronize a course of action across
time, space, and purpose in relationship to potential enemy and civil actions.
(ATTP 5-0.1)
system (DOD) A functionally, physically, and/or
behaviorally related group of regularly interacting or interdependent elements;
that group of elements forming a unified whole. (JP 3-0) See FM 3-07.
T
tactical air control party (DOD) A subordinate
operational component of a tactical air control system designed to provide air
liaison to land forces and for the control of aircraft. Also called TACP. (JP
3-09.3) See FM 3-52.
tactical bridging Bridges used for the immediate
mobility support of combat maneuver forces in close combat. They are very often
employed under the threat of direct or indirect fire and are intended to be
used multiple times for short periods. (ATTP 3-90.4)
tactical command post A facility containing a tailored
portion of a unit headquarters designed to control portions of an operation for
a limited time. (ATTP 5-0.1) See also command post.
tactical control (DOD) Command authority over assigned
or attached forces or commands, or military capability or forces made available
for tasking, that is limited to the detailed direction and control of movements
or maneuvers within the operational area necessary to accomplish missions or
tasks assigned. Tactical control is inherent in operational control. Tactical
control may be delegated to, and exercised at any level at or below the level
of combatant command. Tactical control provides sufficient authority for
controlling and directing the application of force or tactical use of combat
support assets within the assigned mission or task. Also called TACON. (JP 1)
See
tactical level of war (DOD) The level of war at which
battles and engagements are planned and executed to achieve military objectives
assigned to tactical units or task forces. (JP 3-0) See ADP 3-90.
tactical mission task The specific activity performed
by a unit while executing a form of tactical operation or form of maneuver. It
may be expressed in terms of either actions by a friendly force or effects on
an enemy force. See also mission statement; operation order.
tactical questioning (DOD) Direct questioning by any
Department of Defense personnel of a captured or detained person to obtain time
sensitive tactical intelligence information, at or near the point of capture or
detention and consistent with applicable law. (JP 3-63) See
tactical road march A rapid movement used to relocate
units within an area of operations to prepare for combat operations. (ADRP
3-90) See also area of operations.
tactics (DOD) The employment and ordered arrangement
of forces in relation to each other. (CJCSM 5120.01) See ADP 3-90 and
target (DOD) 1. An entity or object considered for
possible engagement or other action. See ADP 3-09 and ADRP 3-09. 2. In
intelligence usage, a country, area, installation, agency, or person against
which intelligence operations are directed. 3. An area designated and numbered
for future firing. See FM 3-90-1. 4. In gunfire support usage, an impact burst
that hits the target. (JP 3-60) See FM 3-60,
target acquisition (DOD) The detection,
identification, and location of a target in sufficient detail to permit the
effective employment of weapons. Also called TA. (JP 3-60) See ADRP 3-09 and
ATP 3-55.6.
target analysis (DOD) An examination of potential
targets to determine military importance, priority of attack, and weapons
required to obtain a desired level of damage or casualties. (JP 3-60) See ATP
3-55.6.
target audience (DOD) An individual or group selected
for influence. Also called TA. (JP 3-60) See ATP 3-07.20.
target identification The accurate and timely characterization
of a detected object on that battlefield as friend, neutral, or enemy. This
aspect of combat identification is time sensitive and directly supports a
combatants shoot or dont shoot decision for detected objects on the
battlefield. (ADRP 1-02) See ADRP 3-37.
target of opportunity (DOD) 1. A target identified too
late, or not selected for action in time, to be included in deliberate
targeting that, when detected or located, meets criteria specific to achieving
objectives and is processed using dynamic targeting. 2. A target visible to a
surface or air sensor or observer, which is within range of available weapons
and against which fire has not been scheduled or requested. (JP
3-60) See ATP 3-60.1.
target reference point An easily recognizable point on
the ground (either natural or man made) used to
initiate, distribute, and control fires. Also called TRP. See also engagement
area; sector of fire. (ADRP 1-02)
targeted area of interest (DOD) The geographical area
where high-value targets can be acquired and engaged by friendly forces. Not
all target areas of interest will form part of the friendly course of action;
only target areas of interest associated with high priority targets are of
interest to the staff. These are identified during staff planning and
wargaming. Target areas of interest differ from engagement areas in degree.
Engagement areas plan for the use of all available weapons. Target areas
of interest might be engaged by a single weapon. Also called TAI. (JP 2-01.3) See
ATP 3-55.6. (Army) The geographical area or point along a mobility corridor
where successful interdiction will cause the enemy to abandon a particular
course of action or require the enemy to use specialized engineer support to
continue. It is where the enemy force can be acquired and engaged by friendly
forces. (ADRP 1-02) See also high payoff target; high value target.
targeting (DOD) The process of selecting and
prioritizing targets and matching the appropriate response to them, considering
operational requirements and capabilities. (JP 3-0) See ADP 3-09, ADRP 3-09,
ADRP 5-0, and ATP 3-55.6.
task organization (Army) A temporary grouping of
forces designed to accomplish a particular mission. (ADRP 5-0)
task organizing The act of designing an operating
force, support staff, or sustainment package of specific size and composition
to meet a unique task or mission. (ADRP 3-0)
technical control The supervision of human
intelligence, counterintelligence, and signals intelligence collection tactics,
techniques, and procedures. Technical control does not interfere with tasking
organic human intelligence, counterintelligence, and signals intelligence
collection assets; it ensures adherence to existing policies or regulations by
providing technical guidance for human intelligence, counterintelligence, and
signals intelligence tasks within the information collection plan. (ATTP 2-01)
techniques (DOD) Non-prescriptive ways or methods used
to perform missions, functions, or task. (CJCSM 5120.01) See NA.
tempo The relative speed and rhythm of military
operations over time with respect to the enemy. (ADRP 3-0)
terminal phase (DOD) That portion of the flight of a
ballistic missile that begins when the warhead or payload reenters the
atmosphere and ends when the warhead or payload detonates, release its
submunitions, or impacts. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-27.5.
terrain analysis (Army) The study of the terrains
properties and how they change over time, with use, and under varying weather
conditions. Terrain analysis starts with the collection, verification,
processing, revision, and construction of source date. It requires the analysis
of climatology (current and forecasted weather conditions), natural and
man-made features, and enemy or friendly vehicle performance metrics. Terrain
analysis is a technical process and requires the expertise of geospatial
information technicians and geospatial engineers. (ATTP 3-34.80)
terrain management The process of allocating terrain
by establishing areas of operation, designating assembly areas, and specifying
locations for units and activities to deconflict activities that might
interfere with each other. (ADRP 5-0) See also area of operations.
terrorism (DOD) The unlawful use of violence or threat
of violence to instill fear and coerce governments or societies. Terrorism is
often motivated by religious, political, or other ideological beliefs and
committed in the pursuit of goals that are usually political. (JP 3-07.2) See
theater (DOD) The geographical area for which a
commander of a geographic combatant command has been assigned responsibility.
theater closing The process of redeploying Army forces
and equipment from a theater, the drawdown and removal or disposition of Army non-unit
equipment and materiel, and the transition of materiel and facilities back to
host nation or civil authorities. (ADP 4-0)
theater distribution (DOD) The flow of equipment,
personnel, and material within theater to meet the geographic combatant commanders
mission. (JP 4-09) See ADRP 4-0.
theater opening The ability to establish and operate
ports of debarkation (air, sea, and rail), to establish a distribution system,
and to facilitate throughput for the reception, staging, and onward movement of
forces within a theater of operations. (ADP 4-0)
theater special operations command (DOD) A subordinate
unified command established by a combatant commander to plan, coordinate,
conduct, and support joint special operations. (JP 3-05) See ADP 3-05 and ADRP
3-05.
theater validation identification The employment of
multiple independent, established protocols and technologies by scientific
experts in the controlled environment of a fixed or mobile/transportable
laboratory to characterize a chemical, biological, radiological, and/or nuclear
hazard with a high level of confidence and degree of certainty necessary to
support operational-level decisions. (ATP 3-11.37)
threat Any combination of actors, entities, or forces
that have the capability and intent to harm United States forces, United States
national interests, or the homeland. (ADRP 3-0)
time of attack The moment the leading elements of the
main body cross the line of departure or, in a night attack, the point of
departure. (ADRP 3-90) See also line of departure; point of departure.
time on target (DOD) The actual time at which
munitions impact the target. Also called TOT. (JP 3-09.3) See FM 100-30.
time-sensitive target (DOD) A joint force commander
validated target or set of targets requiring immediate response because it is a
highly lucrative, fleeting target of opportunity or is poses (or will soon
pose) a danger to friendly forces. Also called TST. (JP 3-60) See
token An electronic identification method used within
a multi-node configured command and control, battle management, and
communications suite to identify the lead server for transmission of track
data. The token may be transferred between suites to maintain positive
integrity of track data. The suite where the token resides is the only suite
that may make changes to the AN/TPY-2 (FBM) system configuration. The token
methodology also applies within a single node command and control, battle
management, and communications suite, but the token remains within the single
node. (ATP 3-27.5)
track (DOD) 1. A series of related contacts displayed
on a data display console or other display device. (JP 3-01) See ATP 3-27.5. 2.
To display of record the successive positions of a moving object. (JP 3-01) See
ATP 3-55.6 and ATP 3-27.5. 3. To lock into a point of radiation and obtain
guidance there from. 4. To keep a gun properly aimed, or to point continuously
a target-locating instrument at a moving target.
5. The actual path of an aircraft above or a ship on the
surface of the Earth. 6. One of the two endless belts of which a full-track or
half-track vehicle runs. 7. A metal part forming a path of a moving object such
as the track around the inside of a vehicle for moving a mounted machine gun.
(JP 3-01) See ATP 3-27.5.
traffic control post Manned post used to preclude
interruption of traffic flow or movement along designated routes. It is used to
support maneuver and mobility support operations when required to facilitate
movement. Also called TCP. (FM 3-39)
trail party The last march unit in a march column and
normally consists of primarily maintenance elements in a mounted march.
training and evaluation outline A summary document
that provides information on collective training objectives, related individual
training objectives, resource requirements, and applicable evaluation
procedures for a type of organization. (ADRP 7-0)
training objective A statement that describes the
desired outcome of a training activity in the unit. (ADRP 7-0)
transitional military authority A temporary military
government exercising the functions of civil administration in the absence of a
legitimate civil authority. (FM 3-07)
transportation A logistics function: the movement of
units, personnel, equipment, and supplies to support the concept of operations.
Transportation incorporates military, commercial, and multinational assets.
Transportation includes motor, rail, air, and water modes. Transportation nodes
include motor, rail, air, and water terminal operations. Transportation also
includes movement control and associated activities. (ADRP 1-02)
traveling overwatch A movement technique used when
contact with enemy forces is possible. The lead element and trailing element
are separated by a short distance which varies with the terrain. The trailing
element moves at variable speeds and may pause for short periods to overwatch
the lead element. It keys its movement to terrain and the lead element. The
trailing element over-watches at such a distance that, should the enemy engage
the lead element, it will not prevent the trailing element from firing or moving
to support the lead element.
trigger line A phase line located on identifiable
terrain that crosses the engagement areaused to initiate and mass fires into
an engagement area at a predetermined range for all or like weapon systems. See
also engagement area; phase line. (ADRP 1-02)
troop A company size unit in a cavalry organization.
(ADRP 3-90)
troop leading procedures A dynamic process used by
small unit leaders to analyze a mission, develop a plan, and prepare for an
operation. (ADP 5-0)
troop movement The movement of troops from one place
to another by any available means. (ADRP 3-90)
turn 1. A tactical mission task that involves forcing
an enemy force from one avenue of approach or mobility corridor to another. 2.
A tactical obstacle effect that integrates fire planning and obstacle effort to
divert an enemy formation from one avenue of approach to an adjacent avenue of
approach or into an engagement area. (FM 3-90-1) See also avenue of approach;
tactical mission task.
turning movement (Army) A form of maneuver in which
the attacking force seeks to avoid the enemys principle defensive positions by
seizing objectives behind the enemys current positions thereby causing the
enemy force to move out of their current positions or divert mayor forces to
meet the threat. (FM 3-90-1)
U
unanticipated target (DOD) A target of opportunity
that was unknown or not expected to exist in the operational environment. (JP
3-60) See ATP 3-60.1.
unauthorized commitment (DOD) An agreement that is not
binding solely because the United States Government representative who made it
lacked the authority to enter into that agreement on behalf of the United
States Government. (JP 4-10) See FM 1-04.
uncertain environment (DOD) Operational environment in
which host government forces, whether opposed to or receptive to operations
that a unit intends to conduct, do not have totally effective control of the
territory and population in the intended operational area. (JP 3-0) See
FM 3-57.
uncommitted force A force that is not in contact with
an enemy and is not already deployed on a specific mission or course of action.
(ADRP 3-90)
unconventional warfare (DOD) Activities
conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to coerce, disrupt, or
overthrow a government or occupying power by operating through or with an
underground, auxiliary, and guerilla force in a denied area. Also called UW.
(JP 3-05) See ADP 3-05 and ADRP 3-05.
underground A cellular covert element within unconventional
warfare that is compartmentalized and conducts covert or clandestine activities
in areas normally denied to the auxiliary and the guerrilla force. (ADRP 3-05)
unified action (DOD) The synchronization,
coordination, and/or integration of the activities of governmental and
nongovernmental entities with military operations to achieve unity of effort.
(JP 1) See ADRP 3-0. ADRP 3-07, ADP 6-0, ADRP 6-0, and FM 3-50.1.
unified action partners Those military forces,
governmental and nongovernmental organizations, and elements of the private
sector with whom Army forces plan, coordinate, synchronize, and integrate
during the conduct of operations. (ADRP 3-0)
unified command (DOD) A command with a broad
continuing mission under a single commander and composed of significant
assigned components of two or more Military Departments that is established and
so designated by the President, through the Secretary of Defense with the
advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Also
called unified combatant command. (JP 1) See FM 3-57
unified land operations How the Army seizes, retains,
and exploits the initiative to gain and maintain a position or relative
advantage in sustained land operations through simultaneous offensive, defensive,
and stability operations in order to prevent or deter conflict, prevail in war,
and create the conditions for favorable conflict resolution. (ADP 3-0)
unit (DOD) Any military element whose structure is
prescribed by competent authority, such as a table of organization and
equipment; specifically, part of an organization. (JP 3-33) See chapter 4 of
this publication.
unity of command (DOD) The operation of all forces
under a single responsible commander who has the requisite authority to direct
and employ those forces in pursuit of a common purpose. (JP 3-0) See ADP 6-0.
unity of effort (DOD) Coordination, and cooperation
toward common objectives, even if the participants are not necessarily part of
the same command or organizationthe product of successful unified action. (JP
1) See ADP 3-0, ADRP 3-0, ADP 6-0, ADRP 6-0 and
unplanned target (DOD) A target of opportunity that is
known to exist in the operational environment. (JP 3-60) See ATP 3-60.1.
urban operations Operations across the range of
military operations planned and conducted on, or against objectives on a
topographical complex and its adjacent natural terrain, where man made
construction or the density of population are the dominant features. (FM 3-06)
V
validation (DOD) 1. A process associated with the
collection and production of intelligence that confirms that an intelligence
collection or production requirement is sufficiently important to justify the
dedication of intelligence resources, does not duplicate and existing
requirement, and has not been previously satisfied. 2. A part of target
development that ensures all vetted targets meet the objectives and criteria
outlined in the commanders guidance and ensures compliance with the law of war
and rules of engagement. 3. In computer modeling and simulation, the process of
determining the degree to which a model or simulation is an accurate
representation of the real world from the perspective of the intended uses of
the model or simulation. 4. Execution procedure whereby all the information
records in a time-phased force and deployment data are confirmed error free and
accurately reflect the current status, attributes, and availability of units
and requirements. (JP 3-35) See ATP 3-60.1.
vehicle distance The clearance between vehicles in a
column which is measured from the rear of one vehicle to the front of the
following vehicle. See also march column; march serial; march unit. (ADRP 1-02)
vertical envelopment (DOD) A tactical maneuver in
which troops that are air-dropped, air-land, or inserted via air assault,
attack the rear and flanks of a force, in effect cutting off or encircling the
force. (JP 3-18) See FM 3-90-1.
vetting (DOD) A part of target development that
assesses the accuracy of the supporting intelligence to targeting. (JP 3-60)
See
visual information (DOD) Various visual media with or
without sound. Generally, visual information includes still and motion
photography, audio video recording, graphic arts, visual aids, models,
displays, and visual presentations. Also called VI. (JP 3-61) See ATP 3-55.12.
vulnerabilities Characteristics, motives, or
conditions of the target audience that can be used to influence behavior. (FM
3-53)
W
waiting area A location adjacent to the route or axis
that may be used for the concealment of vehicles, troops, and equipment while
an element is waiting to resume movement. Waiting areas are normally located on
both banks (or sides) close to crossing areas. (ATTP 3-90.4)
warfighting function A group of tasks and systems
(people, organizations, information, and processes), united by a common purpose
that commanders use to accomplish missions and training objectives. (ADRP 3-0)
wargaming A step by step process of action, reaction, and
counteraction for visualizing the execution of each friendly course of action
in relation to enemy courses of action and reactions. See also branch;
commanders visualization; decision point; sequel. (ADRP 1-02)
weapon engagement zone (DOD) In air defense, airspace
of defined dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air
threats normally rests with a particular weapon system. Also called WEZ. (JP
3-01) See ATP 3-06.1.
weapons of mass destruction (DOD) Chemical,
biological, radiological. Or nuclear weapons capable of a high order of
destruction or causing mass casualties and exclude the means of transporting or
propelling the weapon where such means is a separable and divisible part from
the weapon. Also called WMD. (JP 3-40) See ADRP 3-05.
weapons of mass destruction counterforce A tactical
objective to defeat the full range of chemical, biological, radiological, and
nuclear threats before they can be employed as weapons. (FM 3-11)
weapons of mass destruction proliferation prevention
The employment of tactical level capabilities to support operational and
strategic nonproliferation objectives of combating weapons of mass destruction.
(FM 3-11)
wide area security The application of the elements of
combat power in unified action to protect populations, forces, infrastructure,
and activities; to deny the enemy positions of advantage; and to consolidate
gains in order to retain the initiative. (ADP 3-0)
withdrawal operation (DOD) A planned retrograde
operation in which a force in contact disengages from an enemy force and moves
in a direction away from the enemy, (JP 1-02) See ADRP 3-90 and FM 3-90-1.
working group (Army) A grouping of predetermined staff
representatives who meet to provide analysis, coordinate, and provide
recommendations for a particular purpose or function. (ATTP 5-0.1)
X
None.
Y
None.
Z
zone reconnaissance A form of reconnaissance that
involves a directed effort to obtain detailed information on all routes,
obstacles, terrain, and enemy forces within a zone defined by boundaries. (ADRP
3-90)
Acronyms and Abbreviations
A
AAMDC Army air and missile defense command
AAP Allied administrative publication
ABCA American, British, Canadian, Australian Armies
Program
ABCT armored brigade combat team
*ACT activity
ACU Army combat uniform
ADAM air defense airspace management
ADP Army doctrine publication
ADRP Army doctrine reference publication
ADSI air defense systems integrator
AELT aeromedical evacuation liaison team
AEP allied engineering publication
AGL above ground level
AHS Army Health System
AGM attack guidance matrix
AIT automated identification technology
ALE Army special operations forces liaison element
AMB air mission brief
AMC air mission commander, *air mission coordinator
AMDWS air and missile defense workstation
AML area medical labratory
AOIR area of intelligence responsibility
*AOR area of responsibility
APP Allied procedural publication
APS Army pre-positioned stocks
AR Army regulation
ARFOR Army forces
ARFORGEN Army force generation
ARSOAC Army Special Operations Aviation Command
arty artillery
ASB aviation support battalion
ASCC Army Service component command
*ASR alternate supply route
ATCICA Army theater counterintelligence coordinating
authority
ATHP ammunition transfer and holding point
*ATO air tasking order
ATP Army techniques publication
ATTP Army tactics, techniques, and procedures
AUTL Army Universal Task List
B
BCS3 Battle Command Sustainment Support System
*BDA battle damage assessment
BDAR battle damage assessment and repair
BH behavioral health
*BHL battle handover line
BIO biological
*BM battle management
BMSO brigade medical supply officer
BSB brigade support battalion
BSMC brigade support medical company
btry
battery
C
*C2 command and control
*CA civil administration
CAB civil affairs brigade; combined arms battalion, ʲcombat aviation brigade
CACOM civil affairs command
CAAF contractor personnel authorized to accompany the
force
CAISI Combat Service Support Automated Information
Systems Interface
*CAP crisis action planning
CARVER criticality, accessibility, recuperability,
vulnerability, effect, and recognizability [a target assessment technique]
*CASEVAC casualty evacuation
CAT civil affairs team
CATS combined arms training strategy
CBRN chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
CBRNWRS chemical, biological, radiological, and
nuclear warning and reporting system
CCP casualty collection point, communications
checkpoint, communications contingency package, contingency command post
CDD chemical decontamination detachment
CDRJSOTF commander, joint special operations task
force
CFZ critical friendly zone
CFFZ call for fire zone
cGy centigray
chem chemical
CI counterintelligence, *civil internee
*CID combat identification
CIG civil information grid
*CIM civil information management
CIVCAS civilian casualty
*CLT civil liaison team
CJSOTF combined joint special operations task force
*CM consequence management
*CME civil-military engagement
*CMOC civil-military operations
*CMSE civil-military support element
*COCOM combatant command (command authority)
COF chief of fires
*COMCAM combat camera
*COG center of gravity
COIC current operations intergration
cell
COLPRO collective protection
COSC combat and operational stress control
*CP counterproliferation
*CR civil reconnaissance
CRM composite risk management
CRSP centralized receiving and shipping point
*CS civil support
*CSAR combat search and rescue
CSB contracting support brigade
CSC component subordinate command
CSSB combat sustainment support battalion
CUL common-user logistics
CULT common-user land transportation
CZ censor zone
D
DA Department of the Army
DAFL directive authority for logistics
DCGS distributed common ground/surface system
DCGS-A Distributed Common Ground SystemArmy
DFSCOORD deputy fire support coordinator
DDOC deployment distribution operations center
(USTRANSCOM) [United States Transportation Command]
DMC distribution management center
DOD Department of Defense
DODD Department of Defense directive
DOTMLPF doctrine, organization, training, materiel,
leadership and education, personnel, and facilities [the force development
domains]
*DZ drop zone
E
*EC enemy combatant
ECC expeditionary contracting command
EMP electromagnetic pulse
EOD explosive ordnance disposal
*EPA evasion plan of action
EPAS environmental performance assessment system
*ERP engineer regulating point
ESC expeditionary sustainment command
*ESFs emergency support functions
EWL engineer work line
F
FAAD forward area air defense
FAIO field artillery intelligence officer
FARE forward area refueling equipment
FARP forward arming and refueling point
FBCB2 Force XXI Battle Command, brigade and below
FC fires cell
*FCL final coordination line
FE fires element
*FFA free-fire area
*FHA foreign humanitarian assistance
FIB fires brigade
*FID foreign internal defense
*FLIR forward-looking infrared
FM field manual
FMC financial management center, field medical card,
full mission-capable
FMT field maintenance team
*FPL final protective line
FS fire support
FSC forward support company
FST field support team; forward surgical team
FTCP field trains command post
G
G-1 assistant chief of staff, personnel
G-2 assistant chief of staff, intelligence
G-2X counterintelligence and human intelligence staff
officer for a general staff
G-3 assistant chief of staff, operations
G-4 assistant chief of staff, logistics
G-5 assistant chief of staff, plans
G-6 assistant chief of staff, signal
G-7 assistant chief of staff, inform and influences
activities
G-8 assistant chief of staff, financial management
G-9 assistant chief of staff, civil affairs operations
GCSSA Global Combat Support SystemArmy
GEOINT geospatial intelligence
*GBMD global-based missile defense
*GMD ground-based midcourse defense
GSB group support battalion
H
H mustard agent
*HACC humanitarian assistance coordination center
HAZCOM hazard communication
*HCA humanitarian and civic assistance
HHB headquarters and headquarters battery [field
artillery and air defense artillery]
HL mustard-lewisite mixture (blister agent)
*HN host nation
*HNS host nation support
*HRP high-risk personnel
HRSC human resources sustainment center
*HSS health service support
HUMINT human intelligence
*HVAA high-value airborne asset protection
I
*IAMD integrated air and missile defense
*ICS incident command system
ID infantry division
*IDAD internal defense and development
IED improvised explosive device
IEM installation emergency management
IIA inform and influence activities
*IO information operations
*IPB intelligence preparation of the battlefield
*IPE Individual protective equipment
*IPI indigenous populations and institutions
*ISOPREP isolated personnel report
*ITV in-transit visibility
*IW irregular warfare
J
J-2X joint force counterintelligence and human
intelligence staff element
JDDOC joint deployment and distribution operations
center
JEM joint effects model
*JFSOACC joint special operations air component
commander
*JFSOCC joint force special operations component
commander
JIIM joint, interagency, intergovernmental,
multinational
JLENS joint land attack cruise missile elevated netted
sensor
JLOTS joint logistics over-the-shore
JP joint publication
*JPRC joint personnel recovery center
JSLIST joint service lightweight integrated suit
technology
*JSOTF joint special operations task force
*JTF joint task force
K
None.
L
L lewisite
LC/LA low-cost and low-altitude
LD/LC line of departure is line of contact
*LL light line
*LOA limit of advance
LOB line of bearing
*LOC line of communications
LOGCAP logistics civil augmentation program
*LOGPAC logistics package
LOTS logistics over-the-shore
LP/OP listening post or observation post
LRP logistics release point
LRS long-range surveillance
LTIOV latest time information is of value
LTL laser-to-target line
*LZ landing zone
M
MASINT measurement and signature intelligence
*MCP maintenance collection point
*MDMP military decisionmaking
process
MEB maneuver enhancement brigade
MEDBDE medical brigade
METT-TC mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops
and support available-time available, civil considerations [mission variables]
MFF military free fall
MHS Military Health System
MIL-STD military standard
MLC medical logistics company
MMB medical battalion (multifunctional)
MOPP mission-oriented protective posture
MPAT military information support planning and
advisory team
MRL multiple rocket launcher
*MSR main supply route
MST maintenance support team
N
NAAK nerve agent antidote kit
*NAF nonappropriated funds
NAI named area of interest
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
*NEOs noncombat evacuation operations
NETCOM network command
NFA no-fire area
NFL no-fire line
NGO nongovernmental organization
*NIMS National Incident Management System
*NSL no-strike list
*NVD night vision device
*NVG night vision goggle(s)
O
*OA operation area
OAKOC observation and fields of fire, avenues of
approach, key terrain, obstacles, and cover and concealment [military aspects
*OCA offensive counterair
OCS operational contract support
O/O on order
OP observation post
*Oplan operaion
plan
*OPORD operation order
*ORF operational readiness float
OSINT open-source intelligence
OTL observer target line
P
PA public affairs, physician assistant
*PB peace building
PBUSE property book unit supply enhanced
PDC product development company
*PIO police intelligence operations
PIR priority intelligence requirement
*PLD probable line of deployment
PMCS preventive maintenance checks and services
PMESII-PT political, military, economic, social,
information, infrastructure, physical environment, time [operational variables]
*PN partner nation
PO psychological operations objective, *peace
operations
*PPE personal protective equipment
PSYACT psychological operations action
*PWS performance work statement
PZCO pickup zone control officer
Q
None.
R
R reinforcing
RAD radiation absorbed dose
*RADC regional air defense commander
*RECON reconnaissance
RDSP rapid decision-making and synchronization process
RFI request for information
*RL release line
ROM refuel-on-the-move
*RP rally point
RV radius of vulnerability [nuclear]
S
S-1 battalion or brigade manpower and personnel staff
officer
S-2 battalion or brigade intelligence staff officer
S-2X battalion or brigade counterintelligence and
human intelligence staff officer
S-3 battalion or brigade operations staff officer
S-4 battalion or brigade logistics staff officer
S-5 battalion or brigade plans staff officer
S-6 battalion or brigade signal staff officer
S-7 battalion or brigade inform and influence
activities staff officer
S-8 battalion or brigade financial management staff
officer
S-9 battalion or brigade civil affairs operations
staff officer
*SA security assistance
*SADC sector air defense commander
SAO security assistance organization
*SBIRS space-based infrared system
*SC strategic communication
SCA support to civil administration
*SEAD suppression of enemy air defenses
*SF special forces
SFC special forces command
SIGINT signals intelligence
*SO special operations
*SOCCE special operations command and control
*SP start point; strong point
*SOF special operations forces
*SOLE special operations liaison element
*SO-peculiar special operations-peculiar
*SOP standard operating procedure
SPO support operations
STANAG standardization agreement
STB special troops battalion
STRIKWARN strike warning
sust
sustainment
T
*TA target acquisition
TAB target acquisition battery; theater aviation
brigade
TAV total asset visibility
*TCP traffic control post
TECHINT technical intelligence
TF task force
TGP targeting pod
TGT target
THAAD terminal high-altitude area defense
TIB toxic industrial biological
TIC toxic industrial chemical
TLP troop leading procedures
TRP target reference point
TSC theater sustainment command
TSCP theater security cooperation plan
TSM target synchronization matrix
*TST time-sensitive target
U
UCL unit configured load
*UW unconventional warfare
V
*VI visual information
VOIED victim-operated improvised explosive device
W
*WEZ weapon engagement zone
*WMD weapons of mass destruction
X
None.
Y
None.
Z
None.